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？？What is NOT the result of consuming fossil fuels according to the last paragraph？？？
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Once Daily Pill Could Simplify HIV Treatment
？？ Bristol-Myers Squibb and Gilead Scienceshave combined many HIV drugs into a single pill. Some- times the best medicineis more than one kind of medicine. Malaria, tuberculosis andHIV/AIDS,___________ (51), are all treated with combinations of drugs. But thatcan mean a lot of pill to take. It wouldbe _______________ (52) drug companiescombined all the medicines into a single pill, taken just once a day.？？
？？ Now,two companies say they have done that for people just ___ (53) treatment for HIV, the virus that causesAIDS. The companies are Bristol-Myers Squibb and Gilead Science. They have ___________(54) a single pill that combinesthree drugs currently on the market. Bristol-Myers Squibb sells one of them___________ (55) the name of Sustiva. Gilead combined the ________________(56), Emtriva and Viread, into a single pill in two thousand four.？？
？？ Combining drugs involves more than _________(57) issues. It alsoinvolves issues of competition _______(58) the drugs are made by different companies. The newonce-daily pill is the result of _________(59) is described as the first joint venture agreement of itskind in the treatment of HIV. In January the New England Journal of Medicinepublished a study of the new pill. Researcher compared its _(60) to that of the widely usedcombination of Sustiva and Combivir. Combivir ________ (61) two drugs, AZT and3TC. The researchers say that after one year of treatment, the n ew pill sup-pressed HIV levels in more patients and with fewer ________________(62)effects. Gilead paid for the study. Professor Joel Gallant at the Johns HopkinsSchool of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland, led the re- search. He is a paidadviser to Gilead and Bristol-Meyers Squibb as well as the maker of Combivir,G1- axo Smith Kline.？？
？？GlaxoSmith Kline reacted ___(63) the findings by saying that a single study is oflimited value. It says the effectiveness of Combivir has been shown in each ofmore than fifty studies. The price of the new once-daily pill has not been announced.But Gilead and Bristol-Myers Squibb say they will provide it at reduced cost todeveloping countries. They plan in the next few months to ask the United
？？ States Foodand Drug Administr？？ation to approve the new pill.,？？
？？There are limits to who could take it __(64) the different drugs itcontains. For example, __________(65) women are told not to take Sustivabecause of the risk of birth disorders. Experts say more than forty millionpeople around the world are living with HIV.
51？？
第二篇 Smart Window
Windows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something people typically associ-ate with being a cutting edge technology. Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a flip of a switch.
"It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is, " says Claes Granqvist. He's a pro- fessor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden. "It's contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well. " So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when they're stuck indoors.
Yet,windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In the winter, cold air leaks in. When it's hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners. Produ- cing blasts of cold air, which can feel so refreshing, actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.
Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating, glazing,and layering windows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use chromogenic technologies which involve changes of color.
Electrochromic windows use electricity to change color. For example,a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide works a bit like a battery. Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed,that is,when the amount of voltage is decreased, the window darkens until it's completely dark after all electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark.
One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of "memory". All it takes is a small jolt of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then,it stays that way. Transitions take anywhere from 10 seconds to a few minutes,depending on the size of the win- dow. The development of smart windows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no lon- ger need. "In the future, " Granqvist says,"our buildings may look different. "
Which of the following statements does not indicate the importance of windows as described in the first two paragraphs？
53
Which is NOT true of Alfred Nobel？
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