题目内容
J.K. Rowling probably isn’t going to write any more Harry Potter books. That doesn’t mean there won’t be any more. It just means they won’t be written by J.K. Rowling. Instead they’ll be written by people like Racheline Maltese. Maltese is 38. She’s an actress and a professional writer—journalism, cultural criticisim, fiction, and poetry. She describes herself as queer. She’s a fan of Harry Potter. Sometimes she writes stories about Harry and the other characters from the Potter stories and posts them online for free. "For me, it’s sort of like an acting exercise, "Maltese says. "You have known characters. You apply a set of given circumstances to them. Then you wait and see what happens." Maltese is a writer of fan fiction: stories and novels that make use of the characters and settings from other people’s professional creative work. Fan fiction writers don’t do it for money. That’s not what it’s about. The writers write it and put it up online just for the satisfaction. They’re fans, but they’re not silent, couch-bound consumers of the media. The culture talks to them, and they talk back to the culture in its own language. Right now fan fiction is still the cultural equivalent of dark matter: it’s largely invisible to the mainstream, but at the same time, it’s unbelievably massive. Fan fiction comes before the Internet, but the Web has made it greatly easier to talk and be heard, and it holds hundreds of millions of words of fan fiction. There’s fan fiction based on books, movies, TV shows, video games, plays, musicals, rock bands and board games. There’s fan fiction based on the Bible. In most cases, the quantity of fan fiction generated by a given work is much larger than the work itself; in some cases, the quality is higher than that of the original too. FanFiction.net, the largest archive on the Web (though only one of many), hosts over 2 million pieces of fan fiction, ranging in length from short-short stories to full-length novels. The Harry Potter section alone contained, at press time, 526,085 entries. Nobody makes money from fan fiction, but whether anybody loses money on fan fiction is a separate question. The people who create the works that fan fiction borrows from are sharply divided on it. Rowling and Stephenie Meyer have given Harry Potter and Twilight fan fiction their blessing; if anything, fan fiction has acted as a marketing agent for their work. Other writers consider it a violation of their copyrights, and more, of their emotional claim to their own creations. They feel as if their characters had been kidnapped by strangers. You can see both sides of the issue. Do characters belong to the person who created them Or to the fans who love them so passionately that they spend their nights and weekends laboring to extend those characters’ lives, for free There’s a division here, a geological fault line, that looks small on the surface but runs deep into our culture, and the tectonic plates are only moving farther apart. Is art about making up new things or about transforming the raw material that’s out there Cutting, pasting, sampling, remixing and mashing up have become mainstream modes of cultural expression, and fan fiction is part of that. It challenges just about everything we thought we knew about art and creativity. How can we describe the writer’s attitude to fan fiction
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Every day as I drove through town, I saw a one-legged man going through ash cans for cigarette butts and trash cans outside of fast food restaurants looking for food. It was only a month before Christmas, starting to get cold, and I could not quit thinking about him. It was a year when we didn’t have enough money to really have much in the way of presents, but I figured what was too little for us would be a lot for someone who had nothing. So I bought a toothbrush, toothpaste, a pack of cigarettes, cans of tuna, just little things that didn’t cost much and then I added a blanket and sweatshirts. I made a box up like a present and went in search of this man. I saw him hobble away from the dumpster next to McDonalds. I pulled over, grabbed the box and went up to him. I said, "I would like to give you a Christmas present. There are some food items in here and some things you might be able to use." He sidestepped around me and said, "No, thank you, I just had lunch. I don’t need anything." Then he hobbled on down the sidewalk, leaving me standing there in tears. I took the box down to a little shop that gave things out to the poor and homeless and told them what had happened and asked that they give the box to someone who could use it. The person there told me not to be upset as I was still crying. I told her I was not crying for myself but for him because what I had done was to take away his dignity as if he were a person in need. I was so ashamed. What a great lesson for me to learn, though. A few years later I was able to volunteer for a day in St. Anthony’s Dining Room in San Francisco where 1,500 to 2,000 homeless are fed every day. These folks give up their sleeping spot, carry everything they own and stand in line for up to 6 hours to receive the only food they will get to sustain themselves for a 24 hour period. We took one tray of food at a time, and treated them as if they were in a restaurant ordering a meal they were paying for. And when we took our break, we would sit down with one of them and talk and share our food with someone if we had too much. Since that time, I have had the opportunity, or to be exact, the blessing of being able to sit down and visit with people who at the time just happen to he displaced. I have heard that, statistically, the majority of us could not make it if we had to go two months without an income and homelessness were to happen to us. Speaking for me, yes, that would be true and my immediate reaction would be like the first gentleman I mentioned. I might have nothing else but I would want to maintain my dignity as long as possible. Accepting help is sometimes harder than giving it. In Paragraph 5, "people who at the time just happen to be displaced" refers to ______.
J.K. Rowling probably isn’t going to write any more Harry Potter books. That doesn’t mean there won’t be any more. It just means they won’t be written by J.K. Rowling. Instead they’ll be written by people like Racheline Maltese. Maltese is 38. She’s an actress and a professional writer—journalism, cultural criticisim, fiction, and poetry. She describes herself as queer. She’s a fan of Harry Potter. Sometimes she writes stories about Harry and the other characters from the Potter stories and posts them online for free. "For me, it’s sort of like an acting exercise, "Maltese says. "You have known characters. You apply a set of given circumstances to them. Then you wait and see what happens." Maltese is a writer of fan fiction: stories and novels that make use of the characters and settings from other people’s professional creative work. Fan fiction writers don’t do it for money. That’s not what it’s about. The writers write it and put it up online just for the satisfaction. They’re fans, but they’re not silent, couch-bound consumers of the media. The culture talks to them, and they talk back to the culture in its own language. Right now fan fiction is still the cultural equivalent of dark matter: it’s largely invisible to the mainstream, but at the same time, it’s unbelievably massive. Fan fiction comes before the Internet, but the Web has made it greatly easier to talk and be heard, and it holds hundreds of millions of words of fan fiction. There’s fan fiction based on books, movies, TV shows, video games, plays, musicals, rock bands and board games. There’s fan fiction based on the Bible. In most cases, the quantity of fan fiction generated by a given work is much larger than the work itself; in some cases, the quality is higher than that of the original too. FanFiction.net, the largest archive on the Web (though only one of many), hosts over 2 million pieces of fan fiction, ranging in length from short-short stories to full-length novels. The Harry Potter section alone contained, at press time, 526,085 entries. Nobody makes money from fan fiction, but whether anybody loses money on fan fiction is a separate question. The people who create the works that fan fiction borrows from are sharply divided on it. Rowling and Stephenie Meyer have given Harry Potter and Twilight fan fiction their blessing; if anything, fan fiction has acted as a marketing agent for their work. Other writers consider it a violation of their copyrights, and more, of their emotional claim to their own creations. They feel as if their characters had been kidnapped by strangers. You can see both sides of the issue. Do characters belong to the person who created them Or to the fans who love them so passionately that they spend their nights and weekends laboring to extend those characters’ lives, for free There’s a division here, a geological fault line, that looks small on the surface but runs deep into our culture, and the tectonic plates are only moving farther apart. Is art about making up new things or about transforming the raw material that’s out there Cutting, pasting, sampling, remixing and mashing up have become mainstream modes of cultural expression, and fan fiction is part of that. It challenges just about everything we thought we knew about art and creativity. Why do some writers object to fan fiction
J.K. Rowling probably isn’t going to write any more Harry Potter books. That doesn’t mean there won’t be any more. It just means they won’t be written by J.K. Rowling. Instead they’ll be written by people like Racheline Maltese. Maltese is 38. She’s an actress and a professional writer—journalism, cultural criticisim, fiction, and poetry. She describes herself as queer. She’s a fan of Harry Potter. Sometimes she writes stories about Harry and the other characters from the Potter stories and posts them online for free. "For me, it’s sort of like an acting exercise, "Maltese says. "You have known characters. You apply a set of given circumstances to them. Then you wait and see what happens." Maltese is a writer of fan fiction: stories and novels that make use of the characters and settings from other people’s professional creative work. Fan fiction writers don’t do it for money. That’s not what it’s about. The writers write it and put it up online just for the satisfaction. They’re fans, but they’re not silent, couch-bound consumers of the media. The culture talks to them, and they talk back to the culture in its own language. Right now fan fiction is still the cultural equivalent of dark matter: it’s largely invisible to the mainstream, but at the same time, it’s unbelievably massive. Fan fiction comes before the Internet, but the Web has made it greatly easier to talk and be heard, and it holds hundreds of millions of words of fan fiction. There’s fan fiction based on books, movies, TV shows, video games, plays, musicals, rock bands and board games. There’s fan fiction based on the Bible. In most cases, the quantity of fan fiction generated by a given work is much larger than the work itself; in some cases, the quality is higher than that of the original too. FanFiction.net, the largest archive on the Web (though only one of many), hosts over 2 million pieces of fan fiction, ranging in length from short-short stories to full-length novels. The Harry Potter section alone contained, at press time, 526,085 entries. Nobody makes money from fan fiction, but whether anybody loses money on fan fiction is a separate question. The people who create the works that fan fiction borrows from are sharply divided on it. Rowling and Stephenie Meyer have given Harry Potter and Twilight fan fiction their blessing; if anything, fan fiction has acted as a marketing agent for their work. Other writers consider it a violation of their copyrights, and more, of their emotional claim to their own creations. They feel as if their characters had been kidnapped by strangers. You can see both sides of the issue. Do characters belong to the person who created them Or to the fans who love them so passionately that they spend their nights and weekends laboring to extend those characters’ lives, for free There’s a division here, a geological fault line, that looks small on the surface but runs deep into our culture, and the tectonic plates are only moving farther apart. Is art about making up new things or about transforming the raw material that’s out there Cutting, pasting, sampling, remixing and mashing up have become mainstream modes of cultural expression, and fan fiction is part of that. It challenges just about everything we thought we knew about art and creativity. Harry Potter stories will probably be continually written by ______.
To many landscape designers, a garden can be described as a beautiful, ______ outdoor environment furnished with plants. (order)
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