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Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, D. In theory, annual performance review are constructive and positive interactions between managers and employees working together to attain 1 performance and strengthen the organization. In reality, they often create division, 2 morale (士气), and spark anger and jealousy. 3 , although the object of the annual performance review is to improve performance, it often has the 4 result. A programmer at a brokerage (经济) firm was 5 to learn at her annual performance review that she was denied a promotion 6 she wasn’t a "team player" . What were the data used to make this 7 She didn’t smile in the company photo. 8 this story might sound as if it came straight out of a comic strip, it is a true 9 of one woman’s experience. By 10 a few tips and guidelines (准则) from industry analysis, this kind of ordeal (厄运) can be avoided. To end the year 11 a positive and useful performance review, managers and employees must start the year by working together to 12 clear goals and expectations. It may be helpful to allow employees to submit a list of people 13 with the company who will be in a good position to 14 their performance at the end of the year is out. These people may be coworkers, suppliers, or even customers. By checking 15 progress at about nine months, managers can give them a chance to correct mistakes and provide 16 to those who need it before the year is ont. When conducting the review, managers should 17 strengths and weaknesses during the past year and discuss future responsibilities, avoiding punishment or blame. 18 , when employees leave their performance reviews, they should be focusing on 19 they can do in the year 20 , not worrying about what went into their files about the past.
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Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. We have known for a long time that the organization of any particular society is influenced by the definition of the sexes and the distinction drawn between them. But we have realized only recently that the identity of each sex is not so easy to pin down, and that definitions evolve in accordance with different types of culture known to us, that is, scientific discoveries and ideological revolutions. Our nature is not considered as immutable, either socially or biologically. As we approach the beginning of the 21st century, the substantial progress made in biology and genetics is radically challenging the roles, responsibilities and specific characteristics attributed to each sex, and yet, scarcely twenty years ago, these were thought to be "beyond dispute" We can safely say, with a few minor exceptions, that the definition of the sexes and their respective functions remained unchanged in the West from the beginning of the 19th century to the 1960s. The role distinction, raised in some cases to the status of uncompromising dualism on a strongly hierarchical model, lasted throughout this period, appealing for its justification to nature, religion and customs alleged to have existed since the dawn of time. The woman bore children and took care of the home. The man set out to conquer the world and was responsible for the survival of his family, by satisfying their needs in peacetime and going to war when necessary. The entire world order rested on the divergence of the sexes. Any overlapping or confusion between the roles was seen as a threat to the timehonored order of things. It was felt to be against nature, a deviation from the norm. Sex roles were determined according to the "place" appropriate to each. Women’s place was, first and foremost, in the home. The outside world, i. e. workshops, factories and business firms, belonged to men. This sex-based division of the world (private and public) gave rise to a strict dichotomy between the attitudes, which conferred on each its special identity. The woman, sequestered at home, "cared, nurtured and conserved" . To do this, she had no need to be daring, ambitious, tough or competitive. The man, on the other hand, competing with his fellow men, was caught up every day in the struggle for survival, and hence developed those characteristics which were thought natural in a man. Today, many women go out to work, and their reasons for doing so have changed considerably. Besides the traditional financial incentives, we find ambition and personal fulfillment motivating those in the most favorable circumstances, and the wish to have a social life and to get out of their domestic isolation influencing others. Above all, for all women, work is invariably connected with the desire for independence. According to the fourth paragraph, the author seems to think that ______.
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. We have known for a long time that the organization of any particular society is influenced by the definition of the sexes and the distinction drawn between them. But we have realized only recently that the identity of each sex is not so easy to pin down, and that definitions evolve in accordance with different types of culture known to us, that is, scientific discoveries and ideological revolutions. Our nature is not considered as immutable, either socially or biologically. As we approach the beginning of the 21st century, the substantial progress made in biology and genetics is radically challenging the roles, responsibilities and specific characteristics attributed to each sex, and yet, scarcely twenty years ago, these were thought to be "beyond dispute" We can safely say, with a few minor exceptions, that the definition of the sexes and their respective functions remained unchanged in the West from the beginning of the 19th century to the 1960s. The role distinction, raised in some cases to the status of uncompromising dualism on a strongly hierarchical model, lasted throughout this period, appealing for its justification to nature, religion and customs alleged to have existed since the dawn of time. The woman bore children and took care of the home. The man set out to conquer the world and was responsible for the survival of his family, by satisfying their needs in peacetime and going to war when necessary. The entire world order rested on the divergence of the sexes. Any overlapping or confusion between the roles was seen as a threat to the timehonored order of things. It was felt to be against nature, a deviation from the norm. Sex roles were determined according to the "place" appropriate to each. Women’s place was, first and foremost, in the home. The outside world, i. e. workshops, factories and business firms, belonged to men. This sex-based division of the world (private and public) gave rise to a strict dichotomy between the attitudes, which conferred on each its special identity. The woman, sequestered at home, "cared, nurtured and conserved" . To do this, she had no need to be daring, ambitious, tough or competitive. The man, on the other hand, competing with his fellow men, was caught up every day in the struggle for survival, and hence developed those characteristics which were thought natural in a man. Today, many women go out to work, and their reasons for doing so have changed considerably. Besides the traditional financial incentives, we find ambition and personal fulfillment motivating those in the most favorable circumstances, and the wish to have a social life and to get out of their domestic isolation influencing others. Above all, for all women, work is invariably connected with the desire for independence. The author believes that sex discrimination in the West before the 1960s was ______.
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. We have known for a long time that the organization of any particular society is influenced by the definition of the sexes and the distinction drawn between them. But we have realized only recently that the identity of each sex is not so easy to pin down, and that definitions evolve in accordance with different types of culture known to us, that is, scientific discoveries and ideological revolutions. Our nature is not considered as immutable, either socially or biologically. As we approach the beginning of the 21st century, the substantial progress made in biology and genetics is radically challenging the roles, responsibilities and specific characteristics attributed to each sex, and yet, scarcely twenty years ago, these were thought to be "beyond dispute" We can safely say, with a few minor exceptions, that the definition of the sexes and their respective functions remained unchanged in the West from the beginning of the 19th century to the 1960s. The role distinction, raised in some cases to the status of uncompromising dualism on a strongly hierarchical model, lasted throughout this period, appealing for its justification to nature, religion and customs alleged to have existed since the dawn of time. The woman bore children and took care of the home. The man set out to conquer the world and was responsible for the survival of his family, by satisfying their needs in peacetime and going to war when necessary. The entire world order rested on the divergence of the sexes. Any overlapping or confusion between the roles was seen as a threat to the timehonored order of things. It was felt to be against nature, a deviation from the norm. Sex roles were determined according to the "place" appropriate to each. Women’s place was, first and foremost, in the home. The outside world, i. e. workshops, factories and business firms, belonged to men. This sex-based division of the world (private and public) gave rise to a strict dichotomy between the attitudes, which conferred on each its special identity. The woman, sequestered at home, "cared, nurtured and conserved" . To do this, she had no need to be daring, ambitious, tough or competitive. The man, on the other hand, competing with his fellow men, was caught up every day in the struggle for survival, and hence developed those characteristics which were thought natural in a man. Today, many women go out to work, and their reasons for doing so have changed considerably. Besides the traditional financial incentives, we find ambition and personal fulfillment motivating those in the most favorable circumstances, and the wish to have a social life and to get out of their domestic isolation influencing others. Above all, for all women, work is invariably connected with the desire for independence. According to the author, which of the following is the most important reason for women to go to work
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, D. In theory, annual performance review are constructive and positive interactions between managers and employees working together to attain 1 performance and strengthen the organization. In reality, they often create division, 2 morale (士气), and spark anger and jealousy. 3 , although the object of the annual performance review is to improve performance, it often has the 4 result. A programmer at a brokerage (经济) firm was 5 to learn at her annual performance review that she was denied a promotion 6 she wasn’t a "team player" . What were the data used to make this 7 She didn’t smile in the company photo. 8 this story might sound as if it came straight out of a comic strip, it is a true 9 of one woman’s experience. By 10 a few tips and guidelines (准则) from industry analysis, this kind of ordeal (厄运) can be avoided. To end the year 11 a positive and useful performance review, managers and employees must start the year by working together to 12 clear goals and expectations. It may be helpful to allow employees to submit a list of people 13 with the company who will be in a good position to 14 their performance at the end of the year is out. These people may be coworkers, suppliers, or even customers. By checking 15 progress at about nine months, managers can give them a chance to correct mistakes and provide 16 to those who need it before the year is ont. When conducting the review, managers should 17 strengths and weaknesses during the past year and discuss future responsibilities, avoiding punishment or blame. 18 , when employees leave their performance reviews, they should be focusing on 19 they can do in the year 20 , not worrying about what went into their files about the past.
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