Language comprehension is generally viewed in cognitive theory asconsisting of active and complex processes in which individuals constructmeaning from aural or written information. It is commonly proposed thatthe mental processes necessary for comprehending aural and written textsare sufficiently similar which comprehension of both can generally be (1)______discussed as common phenomenon. Comprehension is generally (2)______differentiated into three interrelated processes: perceptual processing,parsing (grammatical analysis), and utilization. In perceptual processing,attention focuses on the oral or written text, in portions of the text being (3)______retained in short-term memory. The capacity limitations of short-termmemory prevent specific word sequences from retained longer than a few (4)______seconds, as new information on which the person attends replaces the old (5)______information in short-term memory. In parsing, the second comprehensionprocess, words and phrases are used to construct meaningful mentalrepresentations of text. Individuals first decode the individual words by (6)______matching the aural or visual pattern of the word with their representation in (7)______the declarative knowledge stored in long-term memory. The result ofdecoding is lexical access, and a matching between words in short-term (8)______memory and a type of dictionary in long-term memory that enables us toidentify the meanings of individual words. The third process, utilization,composes of relating a mental representation of the text meaning to (9)______declarative knowledge, which is stored in long-term memory in terms ofeither propositions or schemata. Utilization is the key of comprehension and (10)______the basic determinant that facilitates it. (9)处改错：（）。