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Forget about the days when banks lured customers with offers of "free" toaster. In the harsh new world of consumer banking, it"s the account holder who may get burned. Over the past few years, banks have systematically raised their old fees and invented new ones—as many as 100 different kinds. The size of these charges jumped more than 50 percent on checking and savings accounts since 1990, according to Bank Rate Monitor, an independent provider of financial data. Meanwhile, interest rates paid on passbook savings and negotiable order of withdrawal (NOW) accounts failed to keep pace with inflation, let alone with other low-risk investments. And technologies like automated teller machines(ATMs) have truly turned into cash machines—for the bank. Checking Profits. According to a report by the Federal Reserve Board, fewer than eight percent of all commercial banks now offer tree checking. In some big cities, such as Los Angeles and San Francisco, free checking is virtually extinct. What"s more, the minimum balance required for the average checking account has increased dramatically since the Federal Reserve last surveyed banks in 1994. Account holders looking for interest on their checking through a NOW account had to raise their balance nearly 50 percent to $1,500 on average and they earned just 1.5 percent annually for their trouble. NationsBank in Miami recently offered a "Deluxe Secure" checking account. Depositors got only an average 1.5 percent interest on their checking balance. And they were required to keep $5,000 tied up in a savings account or $21 maintenance fee. New York City"s chemical informed its checking customers that their "low minimum" accounts would be converted into new "relationship" accounts—with a higher minimum balance. The new minimum necessary to avoid extra fees jumped from $1,500 to $3,000. The dubious new benefits to customers Banking executives say there"s a good reason why fees are higher. Since financial services were deregulated in the early 1980s, competitors have lured away high-margin business that once sustained bank profits. Americans are avoiding low-interest bank accounts in favor of high-yielding investments such as mutual funds. Creditcard holders can get more favorable terms from a national card issuer than from their local bank. Home-buyers can now tap a national market for the most competitive mortgage rates, and new-car buyers can shop for loans from auto-finance specialists like General Motors Acceptance Corp. Still, the banks have managed to regain their profits in part with high customer fees. In fact, the banking industry has reported record earnings over the past three years. The term "high-margin business" (Paragraph 7) probably means
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In developing a model of cognition, we must recognize that perception of the external world does not always remain independent of motivation. While progress toward maturity is positively correlated with differentiation between motivation and cognition, tension will, even in the mature adult, lead towards a narrowing of the range of perception. Cognition can be seen as the first step in the sequence events leading from the external stimulus to the behavior of the individual. The child develops from belief that all things are an extension of its own body to the recognition that objects exist independent of his perception. He begins to demonstrate awareness of people and things which are removed from his sensory apparatus and initiates goal-directed behaviors. He may, however, refuse to recognize the existence of barriers to the attainment of his goal, despite the fact that his cognition of these objects has been previously demonstrated. In the primitive beings, goal-directed behavior can be very simple motivated. The presence of an attractive object will cause an infant to reach for it; its removal will result in the cease of that action. In adult life, mere cognition can be similarly motivational, although the visible presence of the opportunity is not required as the stimulants of response. The mature adult modifies his reaction by obtaining information, interpreting it, and examining consequences. He formulates a hypothesis and attempts to test it. He searches out implicit relationships, examines all factors, and differentiates among them. Just as the trained artist can separate the value of color, composition, and technique, while taking in and evaluating the whole work, so, too, the mature person brings his cognitive learning strengths to bear in evaluating a situation. Understanding that cognition is separate from action, his reaction is only minimally guided from conditioning, and take into consideration anticipatable events. The impact of the socialization process, particularly that of parental and social group ideology, may reduce cognitively directed behavior. The tension thus produced, as for instance the stress of fear, anger, or extreme emotion, will often be the primary influence. The evolutionary process of development from body schema through cognitive learning is similarly manifested in the process of language acquisition. Every normal infant has the physiological equipment necessary to produce sound, but the child must first master their use for sucking, biting, and chewing before he can control his equipment for use in producing the sounds of language. From the earlier times, it is clear that language and human thought have been intimately connected. Sending or receiving messages, from primitive warnings of danger to explaining creative or reflective thinking, this aspect of cognitive development is also firmly linked to the needs and aspirations of society. Adults" motivational cognition may be stimulated by
党制定和执行正确路线、方针、政策的基本出发点是______
In developing a model of cognition, we must recognize that perception of the external world does not always remain independent of motivation. While progress toward maturity is positively correlated with differentiation between motivation and cognition, tension will, even in the mature adult, lead towards a narrowing of the range of perception. Cognition can be seen as the first step in the sequence events leading from the external stimulus to the behavior of the individual. The child develops from belief that all things are an extension of its own body to the recognition that objects exist independent of his perception. He begins to demonstrate awareness of people and things which are removed from his sensory apparatus and initiates goal-directed behaviors. He may, however, refuse to recognize the existence of barriers to the attainment of his goal, despite the fact that his cognition of these objects has been previously demonstrated. In the primitive beings, goal-directed behavior can be very simple motivated. The presence of an attractive object will cause an infant to reach for it; its removal will result in the cease of that action. In adult life, mere cognition can be similarly motivational, although the visible presence of the opportunity is not required as the stimulants of response. The mature adult modifies his reaction by obtaining information, interpreting it, and examining consequences. He formulates a hypothesis and attempts to test it. He searches out implicit relationships, examines all factors, and differentiates among them. Just as the trained artist can separate the value of color, composition, and technique, while taking in and evaluating the whole work, so, too, the mature person brings his cognitive learning strengths to bear in evaluating a situation. Understanding that cognition is separate from action, his reaction is only minimally guided from conditioning, and take into consideration anticipatable events. The impact of the socialization process, particularly that of parental and social group ideology, may reduce cognitively directed behavior. The tension thus produced, as for instance the stress of fear, anger, or extreme emotion, will often be the primary influence. The evolutionary process of development from body schema through cognitive learning is similarly manifested in the process of language acquisition. Every normal infant has the physiological equipment necessary to produce sound, but the child must first master their use for sucking, biting, and chewing before he can control his equipment for use in producing the sounds of language. From the earlier times, it is clear that language and human thought have been intimately connected. Sending or receiving messages, from primitive warnings of danger to explaining creative or reflective thinking, this aspect of cognitive development is also firmly linked to the needs and aspirations of society. If a child meets some difficulties in the process of reaching his goal, he may
Who would have believed it After what seems like an eternity of tantalizing hype about "high-definition" television, the first digital sets are actually on their way to the market. This much anticipated debut would seem to be terrific news for tube lovers. As promised, the sets deliver super-sharp digital pictures, wide-format movie-style screens and magnificent stereo surround sound. So should everybody rush out to buy one Well...maybe not. HDTV"s obvious advantages over conventional sets are offset by significant disadvantages. For openers, there"s the price tag. Sony"s small set, with a 34-in screen, lists for a fairly large $8,999. Prices will eventually drop, of course, but Bill Mannion, general manager of Panasonic"s TV division, acknowledges, "It"s going to be a while, maybe years before most consumers can afford HDTV." Even if you"re a gadget freak with deep pockets, you may think twice about buying for another reason: "high definition" will not be equally high. Some programs will be broadcast at 480 lines of resolution (compared with 330 or so on conventional televisions), others at a sharper 720 lines, and still others at the maximum of 1,080. NBC says it plans to start by offering 480-line quality for day-time programming and 1,080 for some prime-time shows and specials. But cable-TV customers—a full two-thirds of American households—may get a sinking feeling of another sort if they try to tune in. Cable companies are refusing, for now, to carry broadcasters" HDTV signals, saying information-rich HDTV channels overtax their systems. Therefore viewers, who want decent reception, will have to buy clumsy, old-fashioned TV antennas if they plan to pull in digital broadcasts. One decision consumers won"t have to make is whether to buy a set that uses one format or another. Back in the days when VCRs were new, you could buy a VHS or a Beta-format machine; neither could read or record on the other"s tapes. Those who chose Beta generally regretted it, as VHS took over the market, video companies stopped releasing Beta-format movies, and Beta sets became essentially useless. Most reassuring of all, the new sets will be able to pick up conventional TV broadcasts. You won"t need two TV sets sitting side by side. Will that be enough to talk consumers into putting down the better part of $10,0007 Manufactures hope that wide-eyed excitement over this genuinely revolutionary new technology will help hide the fact that it"s still a work in progress. Realistically, they expect the revolution to be a slow one. Programs displayed on HDTV
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