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TextThe following issue is what we are going to discuss. Most of the people who (26) most often and (27) gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, (28) the people who really helped civilization (29) are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first (30) a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or (31) the length of the year, or (32) a field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a (33) deal of them, so much so that (34) all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. (35) I think most people believe that the (36) countries are those that have beaten in baffle the greatest number of other countries and ruled (37) them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight’, so (38) savages. Then to be good at fighting is to be good (39) in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people (40) for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently--this (41) is what conquerors and generals have done—is not (42) . People fight to (43) quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized people ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than (44) seeing which side can kill off the greater (45) of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right. 28（）
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W: John, have you finished the research paper for anthropologyM: Not yet. I always seem to put things off until the last minute. What does the man mean（）
Hadley: If you smoke and you still don’t believe that there’s a definite link between smoking and bronchial troubles, heart disease and lung cancer, then you are certainly deceiving yourself. Just have a look at those people in hospital with these diseases and count how many of them do not smoke, you may be surprised at the number. Even these few people might be passive smokers without realizing it. Randy: Tobacco is a wonderful commodity to tax. It’s almost like a tax on our daily bread. In tax revenue alone, the government of Britain collects enough from smokers to pay for its entire educational facilities. So while the authorities point out ever so carefully that smoking may be harmful, it doesn’t do to shout too loudly about it. Sampson: The advertising of tobacco is one of the problems. We are never shown pictures of real smokers coughing up their lings early in the morning. That would never do. The advertisements always depict handsome, clean shaven young men. They suggest it is manly to smoke, even positively healthy. Smoking is associated with the great open air life, with beautiful girls, true love and togetherness. What utter nonsense! Rowlcy: Of course tobacco can help government to raise money. However, while money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other. Enormous amounts are spent on cancer research and on efforts to cure people suffering from the disease. Countless valuable lives are lost. In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much better if smoking were banned altogether. Bernice: Smoking can provide constant consolation. When I feel worried or nervous, I just get a cigarette and everything seems to get right. After a day’s hard work, the thing I want to do most is smoking. It can be even better with a cup of coffee. It’s so enjoyable and relaxing that it relieves stresses of everyday life. So why bother to ban it and take the pleasure from us Now match each of the people ( 1 to 5 ) to the appropriate statement. Note: there are two extra statements. Statements A. Smoking brings many psychological benefits. B. Tobacco is all important source of income to the government. C. Smoking is sure to cause diseases. D. It’s a short - sighted policy to depend on tobacco for money. E. The advertisement for it is dishonest and harmful. F. The tobacco industry makes high quality advertisement for smoking. G. It’s doubtful whether there is link between smoking and cancer. Bernice
M: I’m leaving for South America tomorrow．W: Are you goingwith the groupM: That means more money. I can manage by myself．W: But group traveling is safer．And you can enjoy better service．M: You are right, but I just can’t put up with the fixed schedule． What does the woman think of group traveling（）
Water is important for pupils to study, not only because it is so abundant, covering three times as much of the earth’s surface as land does. It is the most common substance in living plant and animal tissues; without it, most other chemicals needed for life could not get into or out of cells. Its floatability makes it possible to move people and cargoes by ship--without which early exploration and commerce would have been impossible. Hydroelectric(水电) stations are and will continue to be a major source of electrical energy. Water is also important for sanitation (卫生) and recreation.Early experiences with liquids should include those dealing with floatability, change of state, and surface films. Children should investigate under what conditions objects sink or float, both in water and in other liquids. They should watch ice melt, and water freeze, and evaporate. They should also observe other substances that change state easily, such as candle wax and butter. And they should observe the wide range of chemicals that dissolve in water.In their investigations, pupils should become aware of the ease with which certain liquids evaporate and of the danger of strong-smelling substances such as those from cleaning fluids and gasoline. They should experience the pleasure of playing in and around water, but they should also be made aware of the hazards(危险) and be taught to play safely.Pupils must learn of society’s increasing demands upon fresh water and develop a healthy concern for how it is used. The amount of water on earth does not change; it is only recycled. What is used for pupils today is part of the same water used even by Columbus and Cleopatra!Finally, pupils should come to appreciate the different kinds of methods by which fresh water is transported from the sea to land areas. They should know the potential(潜力) of the sea--for all practical purposes, the last frontier on earth--for additional fresh water, for food, and for chemicals. They also should understand the importance of the sea for transportation and recreation, as well as for its effect on weather. Which of the following can help children have the experiences dealing with the floatability of liquids（）
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