题目内容
Passage Two Water pollution affects man’s health, recreational use of water, industrial of water and sense of beauty. The spread of water-carried disease is of great concern. In highly developed countries in particular, emphasis has shifted from concern over bacterial disease to concern over water-carried viral(病毒性的) disease. Viral hepatitis(肝炎), for example, has been found to occur more frequently in cities whose water supplies have comparatively high levels of water impurity. Poisonous chemicals found in streams that are ultimately used for water supplies also create an important public health problem. It is clear that poisonous chemicals must be excluded from water, but more and more chemicals from new pesticides, fertilizers, and other new products have been found in water. Since the public health significance of these chemicals is not yet fully known, they are of increasing concern. The chemicals from fertilizers are also finding their way into water supplies from groundwater pollution. As man’s desire for water-based recreation increases, greater demands are placed on the quality of water. The water must not only be attractive in appearance but also meet certain other conditions. Sports such as swimming involve direct contact with water, and so water standards are raised higher. The range of water quality necessary for industrial processes varies greatly with the intended use of water. The water used in steel mills, for example, must have a lower chloride(氯物) level than that accepted for drinking water. Cooling water can often be of comparatively low sanitary quality. A large part of the water used in the paper-making industry can be of relatively low quality in some aspects, but must contain little iron and carbon dioxide. As the passage is not complete, what do you think would follow in its full text
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Passage Five It was a merry Christmas for Sharper Image and Neiman Marcus, which reported big sales increases over last year’s holiday season. It was considerably less cheery at Wal-Mart and other lowpriced chains. We don’t know the final sales figures yet, but it’s clear that high-end stores did very well, while stores catering to middle- and low-income families achieved only modest gains. Based on these reports, you may be tempted to speculate that the economic recovery is an exclusive party, and most people weren’t invited. You’d be right. Commerce Department figures reveal a startling disconnect between overall economic growth and the incomes of a great majority of Americans. In the third quarter, real G. D. P. rose at an annual rate of 8.2%. But wage and salary income, adjusted for inflation, rose at an annual rate of only 0.8%. Why aren’t workers sharing in the so-called boom Start with jobs. Employment began rising in August, but the pace of job growth remains modest, averaging less than 90 000 per month. But if the number of jobs isn’t rising much, aren’t workers at least earning more You may have thought so. After all, companies have been able to increase output without hiring more workers, thanks to the rapidly rising output per worker. Historically, higher productivity has translated into rising wages. But not this time: thanks to a weak labor market, employers have felt no pressure to share productivity gains. Calculations by the Economic Policy Institute show real wages for most workers flat or falling even as the economy expands. So who’s benefiting from the economy’s expansion The direct gains are going largely to corporate profits. Indirectly, that means that gains are going to the big stockholders, who are the ultimate owners of corporate profits. For most Americans, current economic growth is something interesting, that is, however, happening to other people. This may change if serious job creation ever kicks in, but it hasn’t so far. The big question is whether a recovery that does so little for most Americans can really be sustained. Can an economy thrive on sales of luxury goods alone We may soon find out. Sharper Image and Neiman Marcus are probably ______.
Passage Two Water pollution affects man’s health, recreational use of water, industrial of water and sense of beauty. The spread of water-carried disease is of great concern. In highly developed countries in particular, emphasis has shifted from concern over bacterial disease to concern over water-carried viral(病毒性的) disease. Viral hepatitis(肝炎), for example, has been found to occur more frequently in cities whose water supplies have comparatively high levels of water impurity. Poisonous chemicals found in streams that are ultimately used for water supplies also create an important public health problem. It is clear that poisonous chemicals must be excluded from water, but more and more chemicals from new pesticides, fertilizers, and other new products have been found in water. Since the public health significance of these chemicals is not yet fully known, they are of increasing concern. The chemicals from fertilizers are also finding their way into water supplies from groundwater pollution. As man’s desire for water-based recreation increases, greater demands are placed on the quality of water. The water must not only be attractive in appearance but also meet certain other conditions. Sports such as swimming involve direct contact with water, and so water standards are raised higher. The range of water quality necessary for industrial processes varies greatly with the intended use of water. The water used in steel mills, for example, must have a lower chloride(氯物) level than that accepted for drinking water. Cooling water can often be of comparatively low sanitary quality. A large part of the water used in the paper-making industry can be of relatively low quality in some aspects, but must contain little iron and carbon dioxide. According to the passage, the people in highly developed countries today are most concerned about______
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Passage One Just 30 years ago some 700 million people lived in cities. Today the number stands at 1,800 million, and by the end of the century it will be up to 3,000 million-more than half the world’s estimated population. By the year 2000 an estimated 650 million people will crowd into 60 cities of five million or more-three quarters of them in the developing world. Only a single First World city-metropolitan Tokyo, which will have 24 million people-is expected to be among the global top five; London, ranked second in 1950 with ten million people, will not even make 2000’s top 25. In places where rates of natural population increase exceed three percent annually-meaning much of the Third World-that alone is enough to double a city’s population within 20 years. But equally powerful are the streams of hopeful migrants from the countryside. What faces and confuses urban planners is the huge scale of these trends. There have never been cities of 30 million people, let alone ones dependent on roads, sewer and water supplies barely adequate for urban areas a tenth that size. And the flood of new arrivals in swelling Third World cities far overtakes the supply of jobs-particularly as modem industries put a premium on technology rather than manpower. So it will be virtually impossible to find permanent employment for 30 to 40 percent of the 1,000 million new city inhabitants expected by the year 2000. Despite the terrible conditions that the city newcomers face, their numbers are growing at rates as much as twice that of the cities themselves-and every step taken to improve their living conditions in the slums only attracts more migrants. The author uses Tokyo as an example mainly to show that ______
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