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This has exposed the Convention to proposals to adopt a number of false solutions which perpetuate biodiversity destruction, climate change and erosion of people’s rights, especially those of women, indigenous peoples and local communities. Healthy ecosystems and biodiversity are vital for regulating the climate. False climate solutions which harm biodiversity, communities and ecosystems will further destabilise the climate. They also result in the displacement of, and the loss of rights of indigenous peoples and local communities. We are already witnessing such severe impacts, as the result of false solutions which are currently being implemented on a large scale: Agrofuel (also called biofuel) crops, and industrial tree plantations, which U. N. bodies falsely refer to as "afforestation and reforestation". To make matters worse, certification schemes, standards and criteria falsely promote these damaging activities as being "environmentally sustainable". A range of other false solutions have also been proposed and some of them are already beginning to be implemented. These also threaten to have grave impacts on biodiversity, climate stability and the rights of people. They do not address the root causes of climate change but have the potential to worsen the crisis, and include. GE trees for industrial tree plantations that will be used as agrofuels and "carbon sinks" ; Ocean- "fertilisation" ( for example dumping iron particles in the sea) Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS); This includes fossil fuel combustion with CCS and bioenergy with CCS; Soil carbon sequestration schemes linked to industrial agriculture. Corporations are also promoting false solutions for climate change adaptation. Those include genetic engineering, using patented genes to induce resistance in crops to drought, salinity and extreme temperatures. At a time when rampant free market capitalism has led to financial crisis, with skyrocketing oil and food prices, market based "innovative" financial mechanisms are still being promoted to commodity nature including, carbon trading, carbon offsets, payments for environmental services, REDD, and biodiversity offsets. These "solutions" are more likely to endanger biodiversity, climate and communities. Such false solutions are really for the benefit of corporations. The real agenda behind this is to increase corporate control over land, forests, water, agriculture and biodiversity, using climate change and the biodiversity crisis as an opportunity to further these objectives. This is a new 21st century phase of colonialism. These false solutions are facilitated by false definitions and language. For example, tree plantations are referred to as "forests" and intensive industrial agriculture is Called a "Green Revolution". We call on the international negotiators and representatives of the different sectors and NGOs at CBD COP9 to oppose any intent to water down the Convention and perpetuate corporate interests. They must reject GE trees, industrial agrofuels and plantations, carbon trading and offsets; ocean fertilization, climate ready genes, another destructive "Green Revolution" and any other false solution that ignores and harms community rights, including those of indigenous peoples, degrades ecosystems, and constitutes a threat to biodiversity and climate. The word "indigenous" is synonymous to ______.
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Most people enjoy watching a quality film at home or in the theater. The movie industry reaps billions of dollars each year from this popular hobby. But instead of merely following the story line, check out the contributing elements that make a good film superior to others. Before you know, you will be thinking like a film critic! 1) Plot. A solid film offers a story arc. That means that conflict is introduced and increases tensions to a building point at which a cataclysmic event occurs, followed by a return to normal. If the plot does not contain a noticeable arc, the story may not hold viewers’ attention. A dilemma should make the audience care about the outcome. 2) Actors. A good performer will bring his or her role to life. That may mean studying the role ahead of time rather than just learning the lines. It may include visiting sites or people-types associated with the theme of the film, such as a psychiatric hospital or a political campaign office. An actor may need to practice an accent or dialect several weeks before getting it right, or sculpting his or her body to get it in shape for an important part. If the actor appears to fit a role, the audience will appreciate the film even more. 3) Tensions. A conflict-laced story can keep viewers on the edge of their seats. Even love stories need squabbles, threats, or deceit to keep us interested in the plot. The next time you watch a film, see if you can find several types of conflict that help to move the plot forward. Films thrive on it; audiences love it. 4) Cinematography: Photography, scene set-ups, backdrops, and locations add artistic and aesthetic value to a film. A professional photographer and expert camera hands can turn even a mediocre plot into an award-eligible nomination. Study the backdrop of an historic or romantic film especially to get the effect of settings, props, and scenery. 5) Theme music. Classic films get their own musical score, often written and produced by award winning composers. The theme song may introduce and conclude the film, as well as appear sporadically throughout. In other types of movies, a string of songs from a particular time period or music style may grace the acting to add a powerful element of beat and rhythm. Many theme songs have made the top ten music lists over the years. 6) Director and producer. These people, sometimes the same person, are responsible for choosing actors, approving the script, and coordinating all the production elements like camera shots, scene speeches, and action sequences as well as special effects, if any. The producer may be the person who bankrolls the film or lines up investors. Without these persons, there would be no film. Watching a movie can be fun and relaxing. Paying attention to the contributing elements can enrich the viewing experience. Look for some of them in the next film you see; your viewing experience will never be the same! We may infer from the passage that ______ is the most important factor that enables a film to be accepted in a film festival.
Before talking about what forensic and criminal psychology is, we must define criminal behavior first. Criminal behavior suggests a large number and variety of acts. Andrew and Bonta (1998) suggest four broad definitions of criminal behavior and the acts and behaviors that fit within these domains. These four areas are legal criminal behavior or actions that are prohibited by the state and punishable under the law, moral criminal behavior which refers to actions that violate the norms of religion and morality and are believed to be punishable by a supreme spiritual being, social criminal behavior which refers to actions that violate the norms of custom and tradition and are punishable by a community and finally psychological criminal behavior that refers to actions that may be rewarding to the actor but inflict pain or loss on others--it is criminal behavior that is anti-social behavior. A good working definition can be seen as. "antisocial acts that place the actor at risk of becoming the focus of the attention of the criminal and juvenile professionals (Andrews and Bonta, 1998). It is difficult to define criminal behavior as ideas of what is considered immoral, unconventional, illegal or antisocial as it is not stable over time or place. For example, not wearing seatbelt, homosexual activity or spanking a child are all items that have been considered either illegal or legal at one point in time. Delinquency must be distinguished from criminality. Delinquency is defined as behavior that is illegal, immoral or deviant with respect to societal values. Criminality on the other hand is defined as a breaking of existing laws, there is little or no confusion as to what constitutes illegal and legal behaviors, When measuring criminal behavior we are trying in a way to predict future criminal behaviors. We may measure criminal behavior by arrests and charges, however not everyone charged is found guilty. We can also measure the amounts of convictions and incarcerations. We can also measure the amount of self-reported offences and some believe that this may be a more accurate way to measure criminal behavior. This is debatable as there may be reasons that the individuals participating in the anonymous self-report surveys may distrust that their responses are anonymous. As well, individuals may over-or underestimate their crimes for personal reasons. Therefore, when we study criminal behavior we typically study what is known about persons who have been defined as criminals through the criminal justice system. Estimates of actual crime rates are usually obtained from official sources, yet different sources may yield different estimates. Crime reports generally categorize crimes by type of crime and offender characteristics such as age, gender, race and location. Antisocial behaviors in the passage refers to ______.
Do you ask yourself any of these questions What is abstract art Is it the same thing as Modern Art How can I interpret and evaluate a piece of abstract art Can it have a subject or a meaning Are there different types of abstract art If you want to discover the answers, and ask more questions, this course is for you! Abstraction is not a style of art, like for example, Baroque or Cubism. It is, rather, about the subject matter and our reading of it. An artist expressing the beauty of a landscape can paint a picture of the landscape, but how can an artist make a piece of artwork about an emotion such as fear, or an idea such as purity, or a quality of a painting such as shape, weight or rhythm It might be worth considering your expectations of some other art forms, music and dance for example. The art critic Herbert Read wrote in 1931, "We must not be afraid of this word ’abstract’. All art is primarily abstract". But many people are afraid of abstract art, and feel that it is alien territory! In this course we will approach abstract art via art with which we, perhaps, feel more comfortable and learn to extend our skills of interpretation and understanding. We will also make sure that terms bandied around in art speak such as "abstract", "figurative", "realism", "representational" are clearly defined. We will explore what we mean by realism and abstraction in Western art by looking at images from the ancient Egyptians, through Classical art, early Christian and Mediaeval art, to the Renaissance, until the late 19th century. We will then explore the break with convention in Modernism, look at experiments with colour and form in the early Modern era, and at some of the key ideas of the first abstract artists. We will examine the historical, social and political context of early Modernism, against the backdrop of rapid industrialization, the Bolshevik revolution and the years leading to the great war. Abstract Art flourished in the 1950s, after the Second World War, with the way being led by American Abstract Expressionism. Why the sudden outpouring of huge abstract paintings Could anyone do the "splash and drip" technique And why did so many abstract painters, including Marc Rothko and Jackson Pollock, meet untimely violent deaths Finally, we will ask. why does abstract art appear to be relatively unfashionable in our Post Modernist times, and has it got a future or shall we relegate it to the art history books The author uses music and dance in the fourth paragraph to explain that abstraction, like music and dance, ______.
Against the backdrop of the Montreal Summit on global climate being held this week, an article on Mrican droughts and monsoons, by a University of California, Santa Barbara scientist and others, which appears in the December issue of the journal Geology, underlines concern about the effects of global climate change. Tropical ocean temperatures and land vegetation have an important effect on African monsoon systems, explains first author Syee Weldeab, a post-doctoral fellow in the Department of Earth Science at the University of California, Santa Barbara. The monsoons are critical to sustaining agriculture in equatorial Mrica. Weldeab says that man’s reduction of inland vegetation cover through deforestation and overgrazing in equatorial Africa and increases in global temperatures through the emission of greenhouse gases will likely strongly affect the African monsoon system in the future. "The weakening of the monsoon has a huge effect," says Wetdeab, "resulting in shortages of harvests and hunger." As vegetation is cleared, the land loses its capacity to retain heat and becomes cooler. As the land cools relative to the ocean, there is a larger gradient between the ocean temperature and the land causing less moisture to be pulled from the ocean air toward the land. Weldeab and his colleagues studied cores from beneath the ocean floor of the Gulf of Guinea, in the tropical Atlantic just off the coast of Cameroon, to understand the history of climate in the area for the past 10,000 years. The cores contain foraminifera, tiny plankton shells that are composed of calcium and trace elements. By studying the ratios of magnesium and calcium in the shells, the. scientists are able to correlate that information to past temperature changes in the ocean. In analyzing these records for the past 10,000 years, the scientists found three pronounced cooling periods which indicate drought. Besides the ocean records, the scientists analyzed data from four lakes that are distributed across central Africa on the monsoon belt. The three sea surface cooling periods found by the scientists correlate to records of low lake levels. These clearly were times of drought; the land became more arid. The authors state, "periods of drought likely brought about environmental hardship, triggering population migration, giving rise to changes in the modes of agricultural production, and influencing the fall or rise of civilizations." Weldeab points out that the past 50 years are marked by deforestation and overgrazing much greater than that of the past, thus disturbing the climate system that results from the coupling of sea surface temperature and vegetation cover on land. "We can’t predict how, but it is clear that this human-induced change will change the terrestrial and ocean system," he says. He notes that droughts in this region are currently occurring more frequently than in the past few thousand years, although the frequency of the droughts is unpredictable. "People in less developed countries live from rain, harvests and animal husbandry," says Weldeab. "Drought directly affects them; they run out of food for people and animals.\ According to the study, drought may have resulted in ______.
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