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Marketing Segmentation A Market segmentation means dividing a market for goods or services into distinct subdivisions. It takes a vague undistinguished group of consumers and uncovers those who have similar needs, those who make purchases or use products or services in the same. A market segment is a subgroup of people sharing similar consumer characteristics. And because each segment shares the same attitudes and behaviors, they generally respond the same to a given marketing strategy. B Markets can be divided in many ways. Small segments are sometimes called niche or specialty markets. One broad distinction is between industrial (business) and consumer markets. Despite overlaps in approach, the segmentation processes for these two separate markets can be quite distinct. Market also involves helping to choose which segments to focus on, or designing an appropriate set of ways to approach each market segment, or planning ways and methods to address the competition. C After identifying similar groups among customers and potential customers, the next goal of market segmentation is to prioritise which groups to address so as to best maximize market results. And then, to craft appropriate marketing strategies that satisfy the different consumers’ preferences of each segment. D The process of market segmentation is to study, define, attract, serve and hold segment or segments of the market which the company can most effectively and profitably address. Since the needs of customers, and how they decide between to choose one product or service over another, are shared by similar individuals in a segment, companies can use that to find groups of consumers that share those similar buying habits and criteria and study them in depth and address and satisfy them better. In that way the company can determine which groups of customers it can best and most profitably serve and which of its products and services can outstrip the competition in dominating that target market. What consumers favour should be taken into consideration when designing a marketing strategy.

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Advertisements A This book examines concentration on the market for public company audits, the potential for smaller accounting firms’ growth to ease market concentration, and proposals that have been offered by others for easing concentration and the barriers facing smaller firms in expanding their market shares. This is an edited and excerpted version. B Like it or not, the automobile industry is now and will remain an overwhelming factor in the lives of most people. If not an owner and driver, then as a pedestrian or a breather of air which is being polluted by the gas-guzzling and vile-air belching monsters created for our individual hedonistic pleasure. This book presents issues of current interest to those who cannot ignore their presence. C This book highlights the importance of studying similarity of business cycles across countries and answers the theoretical question about the behavior of fluctuations in economic activities over different phases of business cycles. This is done by analyzing cross-country data that provides sufficient empirical justifications on the behavior of economic activities to conclude that business cycles are alike. Furthermore, the book maintains, from the recent empirical research, that business cycles fluctuations are asymmetric. D Amidst a sharp rise in commodity investing, many have asked whether commodities nowadays move in sync with traditional financial assets. The authors provide evidence that challenges this idea. Using dynamic correlation and recursive cointegration techniques, they found that the relation between the returns on investable commodity and U.S. equity indices has not changed significantly in the last fifteen years. The authors also find no evidence of any secular increase in co-movement between the returns on commodity and equity investments during periods of extreme returns. The information in the book is adapted for the special needs.

One day I can hear the faint rustle of autumn coming. The next day I can’t. One evening summer leaks away into the cool night sky, but the next morning it’s back again. But there is headway. Birdsong has gone, and is (46) (replace) by a whining bag-piping of insect creation. I look out across the pasture as dusk (47) (begin) and see a shining galaxy of airborne bugs. What would it be like, I wonder, to have an aware (48) of the actual number of insects on this farm I ask myself a version of this question every day: "Have you ever really looked at...." You can (49) in the blank yourself. Every day I am blinded by familiar (50) . I open our beehive, which is filled with honey, and the particularity of the honeybees, and even of their community, somehow escapes me, if only because I’ve been living with honeybees a good part of my life. I remember the phrase, "keep your eyes (51) (peel) ," and maybe that’s what I need, a good peeling. Again and (52) , I find myself trying to really look at what I’m seeing. It happened the other afternoon, high on a nearby mountain. A dragonfly had settled on the denuded tip of a pine bough. It clung, still as only a dragonfly can be. Then it flicked upward and caught a midge and settled on the bough again, adjusting (53) (precise) to the wind. I see dragonflies (54) (quiver) in the insect clouds above my pasture, too. I am always aware, however, that there’s no such thing as really looking. What I want to see is invisible anyway: the prehistoric depth of time embodied in the form of those dragonflies, the pressure of life itself, the web of (55) (relate) that bind us all together. I find myself trying to wit (56) the moment when the accident of life becomes a continued purpose. But this is a small farm, and, being human, I keep (57) (come) up against the limits of what a human can see. This morning I found a spider resting—or perhaps hunting—on the leaf of a hydrangea, the axis of the spider’s abdomen perfectly aligned with the axis of the leaf. What I noticed was the symmetry of their placement, the way spider, and leaf resembled (58) other. What I wanted to determine was the spider’s intent. If I c (59) , I would have asked it, "What are you doing.’" Or, better yet, "Who are you" But all I could do was look—and realizing that I was looking-make the b (60) of what I’d seen.

When your kids are advised to "get an education" if they want to earn a decent income, they are told only half of the truth. What is really meant is that they should get just enough education to provide manpower, for the society in which they live, but not so much that they become an embarrassment to that society. Get a high school diploma, at least. Without that, you will be occupationally dead, unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison, and you can drop out of grade school and still be successful. Get a college degree, if possible, because with a BA, you are on the launching pad. After that, though, you have to start putting on the brakes. If you go for a master’s degree, make sure it is an MBA, and only from a first-rate university. Beyond this, the famous law of diminishing returns begins to take effect. Do you know, for instance, that long-haul truck drivers earn more per year than full professors Yes, the average 2007 salary for truckers was $ 34,000, while a full professor only earned $ 33, 930. [79] A PhD is the highest degree you can get, but except in a few specialized fields such as physics and chemistry, where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial purposes, you are facing a dim future. There are far more PhDs unemployed or underemployed in this country than in any other. If you become a doctor of philosophy in English, history, anthropology, political science, languages or—-worst of all—philosophy, you are probably over-educated for our national demands—not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands. [80] Thousands of PhDs are selling shoes, driving cabs, waiting on tables and filling out fruitless applications month after month. Many of them end up taking a job in some high school or backwater college that pays much less than the janitor earns. The level of income is proportional to one’s level of education only to a degree—to the degree, that is, that makes a person useful to the gross national product, but not to a degree that nobody can run much of a profit on such a person. Choose the best answers according to the passage.

切记无论干什么，如果尽全力的话，你距离成功就很近了。(not far from)