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据统计，全世界垃圾年均增长速度为8.42%，而中国垃圾增长率达到10%以上。全世界每年产生4.9亿吨垃圾，仅中国每年就产生近1.5亿吨城市垃圾。中国城市生活垃圾累积堆存量已达70亿吨，其中能够进行无害化处理的占66%，近1/3垃圾只能进行简单填埋，累计侵占土地5亿平方米。“垃圾是放错了地方的资源。”这是2000年联合国环境规划署首席专家拉斯基提出的著名论断。但现在垃圾已经成为中国城市发展的一个恶瘤。我国对垃圾的处理基本上采取的都是较为原始的“搬家政策”，这不仅转播细菌，污染环境，甚至会破坏生态平衡。同时，较为原始的垃圾处理方法，还使每年因此而丢掉价值高达250亿元的可再生资源。 20世纪50至70年代，日本高度强调经济发展优先，对垃圾问题并不重视。随着城市规模快速扩张和以大量生产、消费为特征的“一次性使用社会”的出现，城市废弃物的排出量与日俱增。在经历了“垃圾岛事件”、“琦玉县蔬菜二恶英事件”等一系列污染之后，日本政府开始制订严格的垃圾焚烧排放规定。1999年7月，日本颁布了《二恶英特别措施法》，大幅提高二恶英的排放标准。严格的排放标准使垃圾焚烧的成本上升，导致大量的垃圾焚烧厂关闭。自2000年起，日本先后颁布实施了《家电回收法》、《食品回收法》和《包装法》等与垃圾减量相关的法律，推行“净菜进城、垃圾计量收费、限制过度包装”等多项措施，从源头减量，将垃圾治理对策前移到社会物流的源头，从而实现对垃圾产量的全过程控制。除了政府的规定，日本民间的环保意识也非常强，民众都自觉地服从政府的垃圾回收管理。比如纸类的回收，还分为报纸、杂志、饮料包装纸类、纸箱等，各家各户都会把这些纸类分类丢弃。 [问题] 谈谈你从日本垃圾处理的发展进程中得到了哪些启示

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The horse and carriage is a thing of the past, but love and marriage are still with us and still closely interrelated. Most American marriages, (1) first marriages uniting young people, are the result of mutual attraction and affection (2) than practical considerations. In the United States, parents do not (3) marriages for their children. Teenagers begin dating in high school and usually find mates through their own academic and social (4) . (5) young people feel free to choose their friends from (6) groups, most choose a mate of similar (7) . This is due in part to parental guidance. Parents cannot (8) spouses (配偶 ) for their children, but they can usually (9) choices by voicing disapproval of someone they consider unsuitable. (10) , marriages between members of different groups (interclass, interfaith, and interracial marriages) are (11) probably because of the greater mobility of today’s youth and the fact that they are (12) by fewer prejudices than their parents. Many young people leave their hometowns to attend college, serve in the armed forces, (13) pursue a career in a bigger city. Once away from home and family, they are more (14) to date and marry outside their own social group. In mobile American society, inter- class marriages are neither (15) nor astoni- shing. Interfaith marriages are (16) the rise, especially between Protestants (基督教徒) and Catholics (天主教徒). On the other hand, interracial marriages are still very (17) . It can be difficult for interracial couples to find a place to live, maintain friendships, and (18) a family. Marriages between people of different national (19) (but the same race and religion) have been commonplace here (20) colonial times.

A. oppose
B. reject
C. select
D. approve

The horse and carriage is a thing of the past, but love and marriage are still with us and still closely interrelated. Most American marriages, (1) first marriages uniting young people, are the result of mutual attraction and affection (2) than practical considerations. In the United States, parents do not (3) marriages for their children. Teenagers begin dating in high school and usually find mates through their own academic and social (4) . (5) young people feel free to choose their friends from (6) groups, most choose a mate of similar (7) . This is due in part to parental guidance. Parents cannot (8) spouses (配偶 ) for their children, but they can usually (9) choices by voicing disapproval of someone they consider unsuitable. (10) , marriages between members of different groups (interclass, interfaith, and interracial marriages) are (11) probably because of the greater mobility of today’s youth and the fact that they are (12) by fewer prejudices than their parents. Many young people leave their hometowns to attend college, serve in the armed forces, (13) pursue a career in a bigger city. Once away from home and family, they are more (14) to date and marry outside their own social group. In mobile American society, inter- class marriages are neither (15) nor astoni- shing. Interfaith marriages are (16) the rise, especially between Protestants (基督教徒) and Catholics (天主教徒). On the other hand, interracial marriages are still very (17) . It can be difficult for interracial couples to find a place to live, maintain friendships, and (18) a family. Marriages between people of different national (19) (but the same race and religion) have been commonplace here (20) colonial times.

A. influence
B. make
C. afford
D. provide

American teenagers have always worked for extra pocket money. More than their predecessors (前辈), today’s young people are (1) to work long hours during the week for hundreds of dollars each months. They spend the money (2) themselves rather than contributing it (3) their families. In a 1997 (4) of 16,000 high school seniors nationwide, it was (5) that eighty percent of students who worked (6) their earnings on their own needs, (7) as clothing, stereo equipment, records and movies. (8) five percent said they contributed most of their income, (9) often exceeded 200 a month, to help pay family living (10) . The benefits of this work-and- spend ethics (伦理观) are being (11) argued. Some experts, and many parents, (12) that year-round part-time employment increases youngsters’ (13) of worth, teaches them (14) responsibility and reduces tension, and thus conflict(冲突) (15) the family. Others, (16) , argue that working teenagers are separated, physically and financially, (17) their families, which in tum (18) parental authority. Teenagers’ schoolwork can also suffer."When youngsters (19) for luxuries, they are buying distraction (20) education," said a program director for the U.S. Department of Education. Working teenagers them- selves say they have less time to spend with their friends and families.

A. sense
B. knowledge
C. learning
D. feeling

1982年电影《少林寺》的1角钱票价与2012年的《地心历险记2》的120元票价对比，电影票价30年涨了1200倍。据调查显示，有92%的认为票价过高。市民李某每年去电影院看电影5次，他认为：电影票价水平与收入水平相差较远，只能偶尔享受一下“贵族消费”。票价贵了，看电影的人少了，上座率也低了，国企员工傅女士每年最多看2次电影，她说：“我们家附近那种老电影院电影票也50元一张，太贵了，我可看不起，只有像《让子弹飞》、《阿凡达》这样的大片才会去尝尝鲜，一般等着看央视电影频道的。” 广电总局电影局2000年2月底发布了《关于进一步规范电影市场票务管理的指导意见》(征求意见稿)提出全国不同地区将分别制定电影票价指导价格。某国际影城总经理王某说：“现在电影放映有个规律，即首映3天的票房至关重要，如果放映了3天票房不佳，那随着盗版和媒体宣传的出现，基本上这个片子就没戏了，所以从制片方到发行方都力图把票价定高，并倾向选择节假日档期的原因。在2012年“两会上”，张艺谋和北京电影学院院长张会军提出了制订严格法律，保护电影知识产权，打击电影网络盗版提案。 [问题] 结合案例，阐述如何促进文化消费。