题目内容

Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer.
INTERNATIONAL DRIVING LICENSES
FACTS:
have been used (11)
drivers do not have to speak the native tongue of the country they are visiting
drivers must be at least 18 years of age
drivers must hold a driving license in their home country
SPECIFICATIONS OF BOOKLET:
Size of license: 10.8× (12) cm
Number of pages: 17
Colour of inside pages: (13)
Has a photograph of the driver and his/her (14)
Available from authorized travel agencies and the (15)
Cost of 3-year license: (16)

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Consider the following statements, made by the same man eight years apart. "Eventually, being &39;poor&39; won&39;t be as much a matter of living in a poor country as it will be a matter of having poor skills." That was Bill Gates talking in 1992. Way back then, the Microsoft chairman&39;s image was that of a rather harsh, libertarian-leaning fellow who proudly declared his products alone would "change the world." When asked what he would do with his billions, the boy wonder of Silicon Valley used to shrug off the question, saying his long workdays didn&39;t leave time for charity. But now listen to the same Gates—or perhaps not quite the same Gates—talking in the fall of 2000: "Whenever the computer industry has a panel about the digital divide and I&39;m on the panel, I always think, &39;OK, you want to send computers to Africa, what about food and electricity— those computers aren&39;t going to be that valuable... The mothers are going to walk right up to that computer and say: &39;My children are dying, what can you do？&39;"
Yes, even Bill Gates, the iconic capitalist of our day, seems to have come around. The self-assured Gates of 1992 was obviously a man of his times, confident of his industry&39;s ability to change the world, certain that the power of markets and new technology, once unleashed, would address most of the world&39;s ills. But the more skeptical Gates of the new millennium is someone who evinces a passion for giving and government aid. He shares a growing realization, even in the multibillionaire set, that something is amiss with the ideology that has prevailed since the end of the cold war: global-capitalism-as-panacea.

A一、Es ＞1 ，即供给富有弹性
B二、Es＜ 1，即供给缺乏弹性
C三、Es = 1，即供给是单位弹性
D四、 Es =0，即供给完全缺乏弹性(完全无弹性)
E五、ES =∞，即供给完全富有弹性

[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens&39;s fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.
[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour&39;s pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form. in 1837.
[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.
[E]Soon after his father&39;s release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter&39;s eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.
[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England&39;s southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office -a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken&39;s mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken&39;s birth, his mother&39;s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family&39;s increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren&39;s Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as "the young gentleman." His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father&39;s imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dicken&39;s greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.
[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan&39;s progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dichens&39; as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.
D → 41. → 42. → 43. → 44. → B →45.

Developing nations have rapidly expanding populations so agriculture should be central to any development agenda for those countries. What’s more, 75% of people in the developing world are dependant, directly or indirectly, on agriculture for their livelihood. And, for many low-income countries, it’s the most important sector of the economy accounting for 50% of GDP and sometimes it’s the primary, if not only, source of foreign currency. Now, of course, when I talk about ’ agriculture’, I am using the term to encompass more than just growing food crops. Of course livestock farming, fishing and forestry are included. In order to combat wide-scale food shortages agricultural research programmers are underway in many areas. Using science is one way to increase productivity; but, a word of warning: agriculture must also be sustainable. Let’s look at approaches that are not sustainable. Firstly, overgrazing and intensive cropping are two ancient but destructive practices that lead to loss of soil fertility. Secondly, the modem idea of liberal application of chemical pesticides and herbicides has had disastrous consequences for the health of the land, ranging from the pollution of water sources to the destruction of wildlife. These practices have ignored the mechanisms that sustain ecological communities. Ignorance has led to the destruction of the very biodiversity that is essential for sustainable food production. However, introducing new agricultural techniques, especially things like genetic engineering, can be difficult because many people remain suspicious of the fact that plants have had their genetic material modified by scientists.
Biotechnology has also led to the dubious practice of bio-prospecting, or as some prefer to call it, bio-piracy. Foreign multinational companies have been accused of illegally obtaining samples of indigenous plants of other countries in order to get their hands on genetic material to improve the quality or yield of their own crops.
We must put aside the controversy surrounding the field of agricultural biotechnology in order to concentrate on the biggest threat to food production on this planet...which is...？ Yes, climate change. The effects of global warming so far have been to shrink the food supply thereby pushing up prices and making, even the most basic necessities, unaffordable.
As I see it, the international community must address this, and other challenges to agricultural production, with urgency. Concrete scientific and technological achievements need to be presented for farmers to evaluate and learn to use but, apart from that, governments need to address the complex issues of policy development if the world’s hungry are to be fed.
Environmental policies need to be put in place to protect ecosystems and correct soil degradation where possible. Countries cannot continue to exploit na~Lral resources whilst ignoring the consequences. In fact, I’d like to see teams of agriculture and environment experts making up a global network which would monitor the world’s farming systems. Different farming systems should be studied not only with a view to analyzing the environmental effects, but the social and economic effects as well. The studies would be carried out with a view to stemming pollution and erosion and promoting safe, cost-effective practices that will guarantee a secure food supply in the future.
Monitoring sites would need to be set up all across the world and data collected in a systematic way. Of course, building the online infrastructure for such a project would cost millions of dollars and there would be ongoing costs involved with the monitoring system but the information gathered would go a long way towards solving the problem of feeding the masses and ensuring millions of people don’t face a hungry future.
Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
Agriculture and Environment
(31) production = biggest problem in today’s world
Agriculture is important for jobs, exports and foreign exchange
’Agriculture’ means:
growing crops
raising animals
(32)
(33)
Agriculture must be sustainable: old methods, & new, chemical methods are all unsustainable→ (34) of biodiversity
Biotechnology→GM or GE→ bio-prospecting (bio-piracy) i.e. large companies steal samples of native plants to use the (35) for their own crop improvement
(36) is responsible for less food and higher prices
Farmers need to be educated but governments also need to pay attention to (37) in order to protect the environment and re-nourish the soil
Experts from around the world could come together to form. a (38) to observe farm systems aiming to prevent pollution and erosion and encourage safe procedures that are also (39)
Creating the project’s (40) would be very expensive and more money would be needed for the monitoring system but it could solve the problem of food shortages
(31)