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《毛诗大序》重视文艺反映现实生活的特点，认为从中可以看到政治状况和社会风俗人情，并引用了《乐记》中“治世之音安以乐，其政和，乱世之音怨以怒,其政乖,亡国之音哀以思，其民困”这段名言来说明文学和现实政治的关系。()

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阅读下列材料：
材料一：经济重心转向大西洋后，世界经济进入了从产生到发展的最活跃时期。随着国家竞争的加剧，科学技术革命连续发生，生产力高层次飞跃，领先国家经历了由英国到美国的更替，从而牵动世界经济重心从西欧向北美跨越。
——《世界经济运行轨迹探索》
材料二：17世纪，整个欧洲大陆处于宗教迫害之中，反映自由、民主和科学的新思想，被当做“异端”、“邪说”而受压制，不少有发明创造的科技人才被处罚。与此同时，战争连绵不断，法国处于内战和向外扩张的连年战争中，意大利四分五裂，……这样，就使科技人才纷纷流向地处欧洲边缘而较为安定的英伦三岛。1740年经英国政府批准的实用专利只有四件，1760年为14件。
——《英国经济史稿》
材料三：(19世纪后期)英国科学家虽然有不少发明，但他们固守蒸汽时代的旧技术，轻视电力技术的应用，比如电灯发明后，它以耀眼的光芒宣布，新的光源将使世界的面貌焕然一新，而当时的英国，电灯的推广却遭到煤气照明公司的反对，千方百计保护自己取得的垄断地位，致使第二次科技革命产生的新兴工业部门发展缓慢。
——《世界近现代史》
材料四：美国这一时期的技术研究和技术引进，主要是应用技术，并不更多注意基础科学的研究，但这为后来科学技术研究室和更多的技术发明创造了条件，争取了时间，聚集了力量。在一、二次大战期间，欧洲及其世界各地的著名科学家向美国流动，美国抓住这一有利时机采取自由开放政策，在世界各地搜罗“知囊”，进口“博士”，以弥补自身不足。
请回答：
(1)依据材料一、二，归纳17世纪后英国资本主义经济迅速发展的原因。
(2)据材料二、三，指出英国对科学技术态度的变化，并分析原因。
(3)据材料四概括美国采取的科教兴国战略措施。

Just a couple of days ago, climbers, backed by United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), returned from the Himalayas, where they gathered first-hand accounts from monks, local people and other travelers on the state of the environment of the world's most famous mountain range. They have recorded in words, in photographs, and on film, the dramatic impacts that global warming is having on glaciers, causing them to rapidly thaw, and build up melt waters in mountain lakes. As a result, these lakes could soon burst, sending millions of tons of water and rubble swirling down the valleys threatening life and limb. // The expedition has also looked at the impacts of tourism on the mountains, concluding that much of what is happening is environmentally damaging, and a burden on the people, wildlife and landscapes of these once pristine wilderness areas. //
Every year World Environment Day is an occasion to pause and reflect on the state of the environment. This year especially, faced with the findings of our climbers, in the International Year of the Mountains, I urge you to "Give Earth a Chance". I ask you to look at our daily impact on the planet and its peoples, and to take action to improve our environmental behavior. //
Although mountains have been revered since time began, such beliefs are no longer enough to preserve fragile mountain ecosystems, for the well-being of all. We face an immense challenge, the challenge of ensuring their stability and preservation for the generations to come. //
Mountains are our water-towers. Mountains are a major source of energy. Mountains feed those living on them. Mountain ecosystems are linked to life in the lowlands, to freshwater and to the seas. Mountains are islands of rich biological and cultural diversity, home to unique plants, animals, languages and traditions. //
Sustainable development is a must. We need to combine the environmental dimension with social activity and economic development. This must be our common target, especially in mountain regions. Without sustainable development we cannot solve the problems. It is not enough to simply say we have a conservation plan for nature, and natural resources. // We must give people a chance to live and survive in these regions, therefore we need jobs; we need a perspective for young people to remain there and not go to the big cities. Mountains are virtual treasure chests of untapped economic potential—vital to sustainable development. This was recognized by the Earth Summit in Rio. //
Mountains attract tourists, but tourism has to be well managed to minimize impact on sensitive mountain environments. Respect should be the byword of the tourists, and tour operators, that bring people into contact with local people and landscapes, //The respect includes paying local people a decent wage, sourcing local food and materials where possible, and observing local customs, beliefs and traditions. Tourists are guests in other peoples' ecosystems and should behave as such. Mountains as a resource HAVE to be valued, and some of that value has to benefit mountain dwellers. Earnings from tourism should be shared equitably between all stakeholders. //
Especially this year, the International Year of Ecotourism, every effort should be made to promote Ecotourism in mountains. For some communities and regions, sustainable tourism can be a first step towards sustainable development. Let us hope that all societies will come to revere mountains, and thus be motivated to invest in them, preserve this unique asset, and in turn reap benefit from it. //
On this World Environment Day let us all begin to act for the conservation not only of the mountains, but the sea, the land, water and the air too. Let us act to give the Earth a chance. An unpolluted pristine environment is vital to our survival, a precious resource, which will only endu

扬雄主张文学创作“事辞称则经”，“众言淆乱，必则诸圣”，以儒家经典作为唯一标准。()

经济学的两大核心思想在于承认：稀缺性和效率的存在。()