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For centuries, the nature of the brain was shrouded in mystery. Aristotle is said to have 1 it was a cold sponge, whose main task was to 2 the blood. Later, Leonardo da Vinci 3 the brain as a curious void filled by three tiny bulbous structures 4 in a straight line 5 the eyeball. Not all early theories were quite so misguided, 6 . From the first studies 7 language deficits, it was 8 that the brain played some direct part in language use. In 1836, an 9 French country doctor, Max Dax, claimed that, in forty aphasic (患失语症的) patients he had seen, 10 of language ability always 11 with damage to the left half of the brain. Thirty years later, this claim was 12 proved by the French surgeon Paul Broca. He had studied aphasic 13 in patients who were found to have brain damage 14 the left frontal lobe. Broca was struck by the contrast with right hemisphere damage, 15 seemed to have little effect on speech. The area Broca isolated and the aphasia associated with it now 16 his name, "Broca’’s aphasia." Ten years after Broca’’s 17 , Karl Wernicke, a young researcher in Germany, made another startling 18 , which ultimately 19 him to propose not just a new language area, but an overall theory of 20 language is handled in the brain. Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.6（）

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For centuries, the nature of the brain was shrouded in mystery. Aristotle is said to have 1 it was a cold sponge, whose main task was to 2 the blood. Later, Leonardo da Vinci 3 the brain as a curious void filled by three tiny bulbous structures 4 in a straight line 5 the eyeball. Not all early theories were quite so misguided, 6 . From the first studies 7 language deficits, it was 8 that the brain played some direct part in language use. In 1836, an 9 French country doctor, Max Dax, claimed that, in forty aphasic (患失语症的) patients he had seen, 10 of language ability always 11 with damage to the left half of the brain. Thirty years later, this claim was 12 proved by the French surgeon Paul Broca. He had studied aphasic 13 in patients who were found to have brain damage 14 the left frontal lobe. Broca was struck by the contrast with right hemisphere damage, 15 seemed to have little effect on speech. The area Broca isolated and the aphasia associated with it now 16 his name, "Broca’’s aphasia." Ten years after Broca’’s 17 , Karl Wernicke, a young researcher in Germany, made another startling 18 , which ultimately 19 him to propose not just a new language area, but an overall theory of 20 language is handled in the brain. Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.18（）

[A] In our time women have an average lifespan of almost 80 years; double of what it was in the last century. Motherhood can be postponed and in theory marriage can be postponed. Women in the USA are studying more than men and they may become main breadwinner in the near future.[B] Many women go through life thinking, consciously or unconsciously, that a man will solve all their problems, "Once we are married, everything will be OK." This attitude only set us up for failure. Men are not princes ready to take any challenge to rescue the princesses; they are human beings with their own needs and fears.[C] Carrie was wondering in her bedroom about the continent that her friend, New York socialite Charlotte York, made "Women want to be rescued." Carrie wonders. "Is that true Is that the only thing women want Rescued by whom If the prince did not kiss Snow White, would she have been frozen forever or would she have woken up anyway and moved on" Snow. White probably had no other chance, but we do.[D] No wonder our society has changed. On the other hand, our values have not changed fast enough and many women, more .so Hispanic women, are just waiting to be rescued by the prince, These women have not realized they no longer need to be rescued; they need a man for other reasons, not to take care of them.[E] Women in our society have .so many options that we do not need anybody else to rescue us; we are the only ones that can rescue ourselves. If you have areas of your life that you want to improve, go ahead; do it for you and for you only, or accept yourself as you are. Do not be .so naive that you think .someone else can take care of all your problems. Life does not work like that. Live life to the fullest, be happy with who you are and you will see that if you are happy with yourself, you will make others happy, including your man.[F] Our society has changed in a remarkable way in the last 50 years or so. And there are many reasons for it. At the beginning of the 20th century women’s life span was about 40 years. There fore, life needed to start earlier if a woman were going to live for only 40 years; motherhood was a priority. Men used to work and women stayed at home and took care of them and their kids. Women could not survive without a man; women needed to be rescued.[G] Women are caregivers. We are strong and smart and we have the ability to take care of ourselves; we do not need to be rescued by anyone. When we are giving our power to others in exchange for security, we axe also giving up our freedom. Are you waiting to be rescued 13o you ever think like thatOrder: 43

三、阅读下面文字，完成下面4个小题。下列植物生理的理论研究成果，是生物化学调控技术的依据。植物根茎叶的表面可以吸收具有生理活性的有机物质。这些物质一进入植物体内，就可随维管束的筛管液流与导筛水流传布周身。植物的这种特性给农用药剂大开方便之门。原来需要从根系吸收的矿质元素中，有些元素易被土壤固定，因而不容易被植物吸收利用，若采用溶液喷射的根外追肥，就能解决这个问题。此外，农用药剂可以“内服”――注射法，并能在体内转移与保留。一向“外敷”用作保护层的除害药剂，只能对覆盖的枝条有效，用量大、期限短，二者比较起来，已不可同日而语。溶液培养植物成功，确定了营养代谢所需的水分与必需的矿质元素的性质和数量，成为合理、定量灌溉与施肥的依据，并给无土栽培作出了榜样。自然资源在太阳的操纵下，不仅供给植物生活的能量，还给植物个体发育提供必需的生态环境。再通过植物体内部的相互影响，植物的遗传性状才能实现。植物为了维持生存，依靠感应性来适应气候中光、温和季节周期的变化，以及逆境的胁迫。植物常在敏感部位受到刺激后，便发出信使在体内传递，影响效应部位反应出来。研究发现，这些信息是激素一类的生物化学物质，它们的生理活性强、功能各异，化学结合比较简单，可以人工模拟与批量合成。无论是内原激素，还是人工调节剂，在植物上微量施用，就会启发显著的生理变化。 “根外追肥”的植物生理依据有哪些选出判断正确的一项（）①农用药剂具有生理活性，可以进入植物体内②植物根茎叶可以吸收喷洒在表面的农用药剂③植物体内筛管液流、导筛水流遍市于各部位④不需要根系吸收，可防止土壤固定某些元素⑤农用药剂进入植物体，可经维管束传布周身

A. ①⑤
B. ②⑤
C. ②④
D. ③④

Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven guilty. Because justice is regarded as one form of equality ,we find in its earlier expressions the idea of a punishment equal to the crime. Recorded in the Bible is the expression "an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth." That is, the individual who has done wrong has committed an offense against society. 46 ) To make repayment for this offense ,society must get equally balanced, which can be done only imposing an equal injury upon him. 47) This conception of deserved-punishment justice is reflected in many parts of the legal codes and procedures of modern times, which is illustrated when we demand the death penalty for a person who has committed murder. This philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealist Hegel, who believed that society owed it to the criminal to put into operation a punishment equal to the crime he had committed. 48) The criminal had by his own actions denied his true self and it is necessary to do something that will eliminate this denial and restore the self that has been denied. To the murderer nothing less than giving up his own life will pay his debt. The demand for the death penalty is a right the state owes the criminal and it should not deny him what he deserves. Modern jurists have tried to replace deserved-punishment justice with the notion of corrective justice. The aim of the latter is not to abandon the concept of equality but to find a more adequate way to express it. It tries to preserve the idea of equal opportunity for each individual to realize the best that is in him. 49) The criminal is regarded as being socially ill and in need of treatment that will enable him to become a normal member of society. Before a treatment can be put into operation ,the cause of his antisocial behavior must be found. If the cause can be removed, provisions must be made to have this done. Only those criminals who are incurable should be permanently separated from the rest of society. This does not mean that criminals will escape punishment or be quickly returned to take up careers of crime. It means that justice is to heal the individual, not simply to get even with him. If severe punishment is the only adequate means for accomplishing this, it should be administered. 50) However, the individual should be given every opportunity to assume a normal place in society and his conviction of crime must not deprive him of the opportunity to make his way in the society of which he is a part. The criminal is regarded as being socially ill and in need of treatment that will enable him to become a normal member of society. Before a treatment can be put into operation ,the cause of his antisocial behavior must be found.