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Jackson: Viewed from a scientist’s standpoint, all of the energy contained in fuel either now or in the future becomes heat. Some of the heat is used directly or produces useful work. The rest is lost or rejected. That is to say, it is radiated into the atmosphere from the engines, motors, furnaces, power lines, television sets, boilers and all the other energy-consuming machinery that makes our wheels go around.Browning: It is necessary to improve the efficiency with which we use energy in order to do more work. But improvement cannot come overnight, and there are limits beyond which not even science can help. According to the Center for Strategic and International studies, about three quarters of the energy we use to move things, including ourselves, accomplishes no useful work.Jeffrey: In terms of efficiency, buses, trains, and other forms of public transportation may be using energy more efficiently than private automobiles. Unless private automobiles can operate at near capacity, their overall efficiency is poor. For example, an urban bus carrying 36 passengers may achieve an efficiency of around 120 passenger-miles per gallon of gasoline. But buses are not always fully loaded, and sometimes they carry no passengers at all.Vandenberg: It is true that buses can sometimes run without passengers. City trains seem to be very efficient, but they suffer the same shortcomings as buses and cost more. Except for rush hours, commuter trains seldom run at full capacity. This wastes even more energy and is more than the management can afford. As a result, commuter trains are truly practical only in places where there are a lot of people.Nathan: For some people, mass transportation may serve their needs. For others, a combination of mass transportation and private transportation may be preferable. Better design and wise use of both mass transportation systems and private vehicles will play an important part in helping us make fuller use of energy for transportation. Now match each of the person (61 to 65) to the appropriate statement. Note: there are two extra statements.StatementsA. City trains and buses have different faults to overcome.B. The efficiency of the city train depends on the size of population.C. Public transportation is usually more energy-efficient.D. Private cars usually run at full capacity.E. No fuel energy is fully used.F. A combined means of transport can help increase energy efficiency.G. Problems of energy loss can never be completely solved. Jackson（）
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The forwarder can book spaces with ocean carrier on behalf of the consignor basis on the FOB/FAS terms in the sales contract made by the consignor as the seller with the buyer.( )
Passage 3Cars are an important part of life in th United States.Without a car, most people feel that they are poor.An even if a person is poor he doesn’t feel really poor when he has a car.Henry Ford was the man who first started making cars in large numbers.He probably didn’t know how much the car was going to affect American culture.The car made the Unite States a nation on wheels.And it helped make the United States what it is today.There are three main reasons the car became so popular in the United States.First of all,the country is a huge one and Americans like to move around in it.The car provides the most comfortable and cheapest form of transportation.With a car people can go any place without spending a lot of money.The second reason cars are popular is the fact that the United States never really developed an efficient and inexpensive form of public transportation.Long-distance have never been as common in the United States as they are in other parts of the world.Nowadays,there is a good system of air-service provided by planes.But it is too expensive to be used frequently.The third reason is the most important one,though.The American spirit of independence is what really made cars popular.Americans don’t like to wait for a bus or a train or even a plane.They don’t like to have to follow an exact schedule.A car gives them the freedom to schedule their own time.And this is the freedom that Americans want most to have.The gas shortage has caused a big problem for Americans.But the answer will not be a bigger system of public transportation.The real solution will have to be a new kind of car,one that does not use so much gas. What has caused a big problem for Americans（）
A large number of documents are used in the modern international trade such as marine bill of lading, letter of credit, insurance policy, commercial invoice, packing list, air waybill, certificate of origin，packing list, multimodal transport document, parcel post receipt, rail waybill etc. The (1) evidences the contract of carriage of goods by at least two modes of transport．The (2) evidences the contract of carriage of goods by air. Unlike B/L, (3) evidences the contract of carriage but is not a document of title and is not negotiable. The document issued by the carrier or his a gent to enable the consignee or his forwarding agent to take delivery of the imported cargo from the vessel or port is called (4) . (5) is a document issued by the authorized body in the exporter’s country stating the country of origin of the goods. 1（）
宏观经济政策的目标一般认为是充分就业、价格稳定、经济增长和国际收支平衡。
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