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In the past few decades, remarkable findings have been made in ethology, the study of animal social behavior. Earlier scientists had (21) that nonhuman social life was almost totally instinctive or fixed by genetics. Much more careful observation has shown that (22) variation occurs among the social ties of most species, showing that [earning is a part of social life. That is, the (23) are not solely fixed by the genes. (24) , the learning that occurs is often at an early age in a process that is called imprinting. Imprinting is clearly (25) instinctive, but it is not quite like the learning of humans, it is something in between the two. An illustration best (26) the nature of imprinting. Once, biologists thought that ducklings followed the mother duck because of instincts. Now we know that. shortly (27) they hatch, ducklings fix (28) any object about the size of a duck and will henceforth follow it. So ducklings may follow a basketball or a briefcase if these are (29) for the mother duck at the time when imprinting occurs. Thus, social ties can be considerably (30) , even ones that have a considerable base (31) by genetics. Even among the social insects something like imprinting (32) influence social behavior. For example, biologists once thought bees communicated with others purely (33) instinct. But, in examining a "dance" that bees do to indicate the distance and direction of a pollen source, observers found that bees raised in isolation could not communicate effectively. At a higher level, the genetic base seems to be much more for an all-purpose learning rather than the more specific responses of imprinting. Chimpanzees, for instance, generally (34) very good mother but Jane Goodall reports that some chimps carry the infant. upside down or (35) fail to nurture the young.
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女性，50岁。因肺炎入院，应用抗生素和输液后，体温未下降，今晨出现呼吸急促，烦躁。体检；呼吸46次/分，血压98/75mmHg，脉搏100次/分，口唇有发绀，两肺闻及哮鸣音。患者胸片示肺门斑片状阴影，边缘模糊，融合成片。血气分析；PaO2 49mmHg，PaCO2 44mmHg，拟行呼吸机治疗。关于呼吸机治疗的目的，下列哪项不正确
Lobbying groups often try to disguise a financial self-interest by clumsily dressing up their arguments in the guise of concern for the public. You see this tendency in the pharmaceutical industry (21) in energy and lumber companies who like to tout their (22) of the environment. But (23) , two new books argue, are these tactics more (24) a cause for concern than in agribusiness. Marion Nestle’s "Food Safety: Bacteria, Biotechnology, and Bio-terrorism’ looks at the way the American meat and biotechnology industries have (25) successfully on Capitol Hill (26) stricter federal regulation, which the author argues has undermined the safety of the food supply. (27) , Maxime Schwartz’s "How the Cows Turned Mad" (28) the origins of mad-cow disease over more than two centuries, and reveals the fallout from the British government’s blind (29) that the disease could not be (30) to humans. In 1999, Ms Nestle writes in her earlier book, Rosemary Mueklow, the executive director of the National Meat Association, lobbied against President Clinton’s (31) to establish a more thorough testing regime for E. coli 0157: H7, a potentially (32) pathogen. Ms Muck low’s organization—which represents meatpackers and processors who (33) to discard or reprocess meat found to be infected under the new testing regime—argued on Capitol Hill that (34) microbial testing in meat could actually lead to a greater public health risk (35) confident consumers might relax their own safe-handling procedures at home.
Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics--the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close. As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.
In the past few decades, remarkable findings have been made in ethology, the study of animal social behavior. Earlier scientists had (21) that nonhuman social life was almost totally instinctive or fixed by genetics. Much more careful observation has shown that (22) variation occurs among the social ties of most species, showing that [earning is a part of social life. That is, the (23) are not solely fixed by the genes. (24) , the learning that occurs is often at an early age in a process that is called imprinting. Imprinting is clearly (25) instinctive, but it is not quite like the learning of humans, it is something in between the two. An illustration best (26) the nature of imprinting. Once, biologists thought that ducklings followed the mother duck because of instincts. Now we know that. shortly (27) they hatch, ducklings fix (28) any object about the size of a duck and will henceforth follow it. So ducklings may follow a basketball or a briefcase if these are (29) for the mother duck at the time when imprinting occurs. Thus, social ties can be considerably (30) , even ones that have a considerable base (31) by genetics. Even among the social insects something like imprinting (32) influence social behavior. For example, biologists once thought bees communicated with others purely (33) instinct. But, in examining a "dance" that bees do to indicate the distance and direction of a pollen source, observers found that bees raised in isolation could not communicate effectively. At a higher level, the genetic base seems to be much more for an all-purpose learning rather than the more specific responses of imprinting. Chimpanzees, for instance, generally (34) very good mother but Jane Goodall reports that some chimps carry the infant. upside down or (35) fail to nurture the young.
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