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By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million (1) of these nations loved (2) to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence (3) the ideals of representative government, careers (4) to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the (5) to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. (6) there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a (7) set of laws.On the issue of (8) of religion and the position of the church, (9) , there was less agreement (10) the leadership Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one (11) by the Spanish crown. (12) most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism (13) the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the (14) of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying (15) for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had (16) in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s (17) colonies. Early premise to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much (18) because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies (19) Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was (20) self-rule and democracy. Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.7（）
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By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million (1) of these nations loved (2) to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence (3) the ideals of representative government, careers (4) to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the (5) to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. (6) there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a (7) set of laws.On the issue of (8) of religion and the position of the church, (9) , there was less agreement (10) the leadership Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one (11) by the Spanish crown. (12) most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism (13) the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the (14) of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying (15) for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had (16) in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s (17) colonies. Early premise to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much (18) because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies (19) Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was (20) self-rule and democracy. Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.15（）
For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called "Ask Marilyn". People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228--the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as. What’s the difference between love and fondness Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fieldsThe defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms; the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article "How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing", Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership --that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant’s because （）
阅读短文。完成27～31题。金属历来都是通过采矿、冶金制取的，可是80年代初期，科学家发现在聚乙炔中加入强氧化剂或还原剂后，它的导电性能大大提高。因为这种塑料具有金属的一般特性，所以人们称它为“人造金属”。近年来，它的发展极为神速，人们又先后研制成功了聚苯乙炔、聚苯硫醚和聚双炔类等。这种人造金属不仅具有金属光泽，还能导电传热，其用途十分引人瞩目。“人造金属”最奇特的功能是它的导电性。与普通塑料不同的是，“人造金属”塑料具有一种独特的线型结构，许多同样的分子能奇妙地结合起来，并带有较多的“自由”电子，这就使原来的塑料改变了物理性能，能够导电。它的导电率比铜、银还要高。普通金属的导电性，随着温度的降低而增大，在接近绝对零度时成为超导，但这种低温度很难得到。而人造金属却相反，随着温度升高，外围“自由”电子释放越来越多，因此导电性增大，在常温下呈现出超导电性能。实现超导，由低温变成常温，这是人造金属创造的一大奇迹，是科学家梦寐以求的目标，用超导体制造的发电机，它的效率可以从30%提高到98%，超导电线将使远距离无损耗输电的设想成为可能，使火车悬浮在轨道上高速运行，也将使有控热核聚变反应成为现实，最终解决能源问题。人造金属的另一突出贡献是，用它制成的新型电池代替笨重、硕大的铅蓄电池，可以使人们长期用蓄电池作为汽车动力有了（）①的可能。人造金属电池可提供相当于常规电池10倍的电力，不需要维修，充电次数可达1000次以上，使用寿命比铅蓄电池长4～5倍，而且不会污染环境。人造金属在外压和光的作用下，能产生电磁效应，把它装在扩音器上，能将声音放大；把它放在红外摄像机上，在红外热能作用下，也能产生工作电流进行录像。此外，人造金属弹性大、易加工、重量轻、耐磨蚀性能好、强度高、成本低。 在文中的①里填一个最适当的词语（）
环形跑道周长400米，甲乙两个运动员同时从起跑线出发，甲每分钟跑375米，乙每分钟跑365米，多少时间后甲乙再次相遇？( )
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