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61. Sweden has got a population of only 8 million, but it is a large country with an area of 450,000 square kilometers. 62. There are frontiers with Norway to the west and Finland to the east and the distance from the southern to northern coasts is very long. In 1977, the Swedish king was Charles XVI and the Prime Minister was Mr. Fielding. 63. Sweden is neutral and is not a member of the European Economic Community (EEC). Its last war was from 1813 to 1814 when its army under the first Bemadotte king of Sweden was at the battle of Leipzig against Napoleon. 64. Sweden’s principal trading partners are Germany and Great Britain. Her main exports are machinery, paper, cars and iron and steel. In 1971, machinery was 26% and cars 10% of her exports, and exports were greater than imports by 2,000 million crowns. Between 1963 and 1971 there was an increase of 61% in industrial production. Sweden is a wealthy country. Taxes are high but her people are very well-off. With Denmark and Norway, Sweden has got her own airline, SAS. Her air force is very strong and she has got her own SAAB fighters. 65. Sweden is famous for the Nobel Prize, for the films of Ingmar Bergman, for the plays of Strindberg, and for Volvo cars. Stockholm is one of the loveliest cities in the world.
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Hawaii, the newest state in the United States, is a (21) of eight large islands and many small (22) in the Central Pacific Ocean, about 2,200 miles west of San Francisco. Hawaii was probably (23) about 750 A. D. , by (24) from the other Pacific islands. The first Europeans (25) Americans to visit it were the British Captain James Cook and his (26) in 1778. James named his discovery the Sandwich Islands (27) the sponsor of his expedition, the Earl of Sandwich. Twelve years later, the others from Europe and the new United States began to settle in the islands. These "westerners" brought (28) to Hawaii. They brought new diseases, which the Hawaiians had no (29) to; they brought alcohol, which many Hawaiians became (30) to; they brought a new religion which (31) the old values and forced the islanders to (32) their old culture and (33) to a new one. Many Americans settled in Hawaii, and in 1893, they (34) the queen and (35) Hawaii a republic. Sandford Dole, a missionary’s son, was made president. In 1898, the United States (36) the islands, and it became a (37) of the United States in 1900. On December 7th, 1941, the Japanese (38) Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. This attack (39) the entrance of the United States to the Second World War. In 1959, the United States Congress (40) Hawaii to statehood, making it the fiftieth state in the United States. For the first time in about 200 years, Hawaiians were able to participate in the electoral process.
In recent years a new farming revolution has begun, one that involves the manipulation of life at a fundamental level—the gene. The study of genetics has (51) a new industry called biotcehnology. As the name suggests, it (52) biology and modern technology through such techniques as genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies specialize in agriculture and are working feverishly to (53) seeds that give a high yield, that (54) diseases, drought and frost, and that reduce the need for hazardous chemicals, If such goals could be achieved, it would be most (55) . But some have raised concerns about genetically engineered crops. In nature, genetic diversity is created within certain (56) . A rose can be crossed with a different kind of rose, but a rose will never cross with a potato. Genetic engineering, (57) usually involves taking genes from one species and inserting them into another in an attempt to transfer a desired characteristic. This could mean, for example, selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with anti-freeze (58) from an artic fish, and inserting it into a potato or strawberry to make it frost, resistant, in essence, then, biotechnology allows humans to (59) the genetic walls that separate species. Just like the green revolution, (60) some call the gene revolution contributes to the problem of genetic uniformity-some say even more so (61) geneticists can employ techniques such as cloning and (62) culture (培养) and processes that produce perfectly (63) copies. Concerns about the erosion of biodiversity, therefore, remain. Genetically altered plants, however, raise new (64) ,such as the effects that they may have on us and the environment. "We are tlying blindly into a new era of agricultural biotechnology with high hopes, few constraints, and little idea of the potential (65) ," said science writer Jeremy Rifkin.
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Intelligent car door clamps up when danger’s about Accidents caused by car doors being opened into the path of oncoming vehicles or cyclists are common in cities. But these incidents could become a thing of the past, if doors that react to potential impacts catch on. The creative idea of Michael Graf at BMW and Michael Strolz’s team at the Technical University of Munich, the "haptic"-technology that gives tactile feedback-doors could cut both road injuries and repair bills, they say. The current prototype looks like a normal car door, but an extra metal bar runs through its centre and connects to the car’s frame between the hinges. In normal mode, the bar moves freely and doesn’t affect the door’s movement. However, if sensors detect a nearby obstacle at the same time as an accelerometer detects an attempt to open the door, the door’s swing is restricted by a linear motor attached to the bar. To pass on more information to the user, the amount of door resistance is in proportion to the proximity of an object-for example, you might swing a door halfway open without problems before it gets stiffer as it nears a lamp post. The current prototype uses supersonic sensors to spot dangers, but because they have a limited field of view, the next version will use cameras that can span 180°, says Strolz. "Then we will be able to sense the complete workspace of the door and detect people walking by the car or cycling towards it," he says. Reactions from 16 volunteers who tried the new door at BMW’s Munich research centre have been encouraging, the team told a recent conference on haptics in Salt Lake City, Utah. The technology is mature enough that a car factory could be pumping it out in cars within a year, says Strolz. The basic mechanism is like one already featured in some cars-for example, taxis with automatic passenger doors. However, BMW is yet to make any decision on whether to roll it out. What does the current prototype use to sense dangers
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