第三篇Problems of the Elderly Gerontologists (老年人问题学者) study how old people are treated within a society and how the elderly deal with the inevitable problems of aging, particularly those involving health and income. Health problems include normal losses in hearing, eyesight, and memory, and the increased possibility of chronic(慢性的)diseases. These losses are gradual and proceed at different rates for each individual. In general, the health of old people today is better than that of earlier generation-a condition that is likely to improve still further as more people receive better medical care throught their lives. Because most old people are no longer in the labor force, a steady source of income is necessary. Systems of pensions and benefits are characteristic of industrial societies. One example is Social Security in the U. S. , which is now increased automatically as the cost of living rises. thus reducing somewhat the effect of inflation. Although the income of retired people is about half that of working people, most manage to remain financially independent. Income needs and health are what people consider most when they decide whether to retire or not. Putting an end to the limit on the retirement age is not expected to cause many workers to stay on the job if they can afford to retire. The need to relieve strains on the Social Security System, however, has led to legislation that gradually raises the age at which people can get full benefits. This might force them to work longer in the future. Elderly people themselves often display high spirits, satisfaction with life, and feelings of selfworth. The important factors are health and income. The task of modern societies is to ensure that the aged have their basic needs met and that they can continue to function in the community. Soical Security in the U.S. is increased

A. before inflation occurs
B. automatically as the living cost rises
C. automatically as the living cost drops
D. at the request of retired people