题目内容
Marvin Minsky is famous (1) the father of Artificial Intelligence, but he was (2) the author of another signal achievement. In the 1950s, he built a revolutionary light microscope that enabled him to (3) successfully deeper layer in a specimen with astonishing clearness, (4) first having to undertake the hard task of cutting the specimen into thin (5) Minsky’s invention did not (6) wide praise from the public at that time. (7) , when he patented(申请 专利权) his "double - focusing stage-scanning microscope" in 1961, (8) people understood what it could do. During the 17-year life of the patent, no (9) of similar design were manufactured. (10) for his newly invented optics, Minsky (11) on to other challen- ges, leaving his intention to rust in a (12) of his basement. Thirteen years later his approach (13) known as confocal microscopy(双焦显微镜学) caught public attention. (14) , the technology is proving to be one of the most exciting advances in optical microscopy in this century. The extent (15) which current interest was sparked by rediscovery of Minsky’s early (16) is not completely clear. (17) , the happy result is that scores of (18) kinds of confocal microscopes are now (19) in form that (20) from easy to complicated.
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AIDS threatens not only lives butalso—in poor countries—economic development. By (1) mainly at adults 20 to 49 years old, AIDS robs these societies (2) some of their most productive citizens. Ignorance and fear of the disease can (3) families and communities and may even strain political relations between nations. Because AIDS is a worldwide epidemic (传染病，流行病), nothing (4) than a worldwide effort can control and perhaps some day wipe the disease. Governments must (5) by fully informing their citizens (6) the epidemic and, most important, by telling people (7) actions they can take to prevent infection (感染 ). Public health agencies must also insure that blood transfusions(输血) and (8) are safe. Those already infected should receive (9) attention so they do not spread the virus to (10) . The US government has committed more than two billion dollars to fight (11) AIDS in 1989—including more than 600 million dollars for research. The screening of blood (12) has already ensured the safety of blood supplies in the US, and American military personnel are required to take (13) blood tests. Public health groups have carried (14) AIDS educatior programs aimed particularly at homo- sexuals, (15) addicts and others whose behavior makes them highly susceptible (易受影响的) (16) the virus US government agencies are also (17) public health authorities throughout the developing world in their efforts to (18) the spread of the AIDS virus and to treat those afflicted with the disease. Given the rapid spread of the disease and the number of people now (19) , the battle against AIDS will be difficult to win. But it’s a battle the world cannot (20) to lose.
The horse and carriage is a thing of the past, but love and marriage are still with us and still closely interrelated. Most American marriages, (1) first marriages uniting young people, are the result of mutual attraction and affection (2) than practical considerations. In the United States, parents do not (3) marriages for their children. Teenagers begin dating in high school and usually find mates through their own academic and social (4) . (5) young people feel free to choose their friends from (6) groups, most choose a mate of similar (7) . This is due in part to parental guidance. Parents cannot (8) spouses (配 偶 ) for their children, but they can usually (9) choices by voicing disapproval of someone they consider unsuitable. (10) , marriages between members of different groups (interclass, interfaith, and interracial marriages) are (11) probably because of the greater mobility of today’s youth and the fact that they are (12) by fewer prejudices than their parents. Many young people leave their hometowns to attend college, serve in the armed forces, (13) pursue a career in a bigger city. Once away from home and family, they are more (14) to date and marry outside their own social group. In mobile American society, inter- class marriages are neither (15) nor astoni- shing. Interfaith marriages are (16) the rise, especially between Protestants (基督 教徒) and Catholics (天主教徒). On the other hand, interracial marriages are still very (17) . It can be difficult for interracial couples to find a place to live, maintain friendships, and (18) a family. Marriages between people of different national (19) (but the same race and religion) have been commonplace here (20) colonial times.
【背景材料】 某工程项目难度较大，技术含量较高，经有关招投标主管部门批准采用邀请招标方式招标。业主于2003年1月20日向符合资质要求的A、B、C三家承包商发出投标邀请书，A、B、C三家承包商均按招标文件的要求提交了投标文件，最终确定B承包商中标，并于2003年4月30日向B承包商发出了中标通知书。之后由于工期紧，业主口头指令B承包商先做开工准备，再签订工程承包合同。B承包商按照业主要求进行了施工场地平整等一系列准备工作，但业主迟迟不同意签订工程承包合同。2003年6月1日，业主书面函告B承包商，称双方尚未签订合同，将另行确定他人承担本项目施工任务。B承包商拒绝了业主的决定。后经过双方多次协商，才于2003年9月30日正式签订了工程承包合同。合同总价为6 240万元，工期12个月，竣工日期2005。年10月30日，承包合同另外规定： (1)工程预付款为合同总价的25%； (2)工程预付款从未施工工程所需的主要材料及构配件价值相当于工程预付款时起扣，每月以抵充工程款的方式陆续收回。主要材料及构配件比重按60%考虑； (3)除设计变更和其他不可抗力因素外，合同总价不做调整； (4)材料和设备均由B承包商负责采购； (5)工程保修金为合同总价的5%，在工程结算时一次扣留，工程保修期为正常使用条件下，建筑工程法定的最低保修期限。经业主工程师代表签认的B承包商实际完成的建安工作量(第1月～第12月)见表2-1。 表2-1 B承包商实际完成的建安工程量 施工月份 第1月～第7月 第8月 第9月 第10月 第11月 第12月 实际完成建安工作量 3000 420 510 770 750 790 实际完成建安工作量累计 3000 3420 3930 4700 5450 6240 本工程按合同约定按期竣工验收并交付使用；在正常使用情况下，2008年3月30日；使用单位发现屋面局部漏水，需要维修，B承包商认为此时工程竣工验收交付使用已超过3年，拒绝派人返修。业主被迫另请其他专业施工单位修理，修理费为5万元。 【问题】1．指出本案招标投标过程中哪些文件属于要约邀请、要约和承诺2．业主迟迟不与B承包商签订合同，是否符合《招标投标法》的规定说明理由。3．在业主以尚未签订合同为由另行确定他人承担本项目施工任务时．B承包商可采取哪些保护自身合法权益的措施4．本工程预付款是多少万元工程预付款应从哪个月开始起扣第1月～第月份合计以及第8、9、10月，业主工程师代表应签发的工程款各是多少万元(请列出计算过程)5．B承包商是否仍应对该屋面漏水承担质量保修责任说明理由。屋面漏水修理费应由谁承担
American teenagers have always worked for extra pocket money. More than their predecessors (前辈), today’s young people are (1) to work long hours during the week for hundreds of dollars each months. They spend the money (2) themselves rather than contributing it (3) their families. In a 1997 (4) of 16,000 high school seniors nationwide, it was (5) that eighty percent of students who worked (6) their earnings on their own needs, (7) as clothing, stereo equipment, records and movies. (8) five percent said they contributed most of their income, (9) often exceeded 200 a month, to help pay family living (10) . The benefits of this work-and- spend ethics (伦理观) are being (11) argued. Some experts, and many parents, (12) that year-round part-time employment increases youngsters’ (13) of worth, teaches them (14) responsibility and reduces tension, and thus conflict(冲突) (15) the family. Others, (16) , argue that working teenagers are separated, physically and financially, (17) their families, which in tum (18) parental authority. Teenagers’ schoolwork can also suffer."When youngsters (19) for luxuries, they are buying distraction (20) education," said a program director for the U.S. Department of Education. Working teenagers them- selves say they have less time to spend with their friends and families.
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