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One of the main responsibilities of ICMP is to report （1）. Although technology has produced increasingly reliable transmission media, errors still exist and must be handled. IP is an （2）protocol. This means that error checking and error control are not a concem ofIP JCMP wasdesigned, in part, to compensate for this shortcoming. Howerver, ICMP does not （3）errors, itsimply reports them. Error correction is left to the higher-level protocols. Error messages arealways sent to the original（4） because the only information available in the datagram aboutthe route is the source and destination 1P addresses. ICMP uses the source IP address to send theerror massage to the source of the （5） （2）是（）
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A management domain typically contains a large amount of management information. Each individual item of（1）information is an instance of a managed object type. The definition of arelated set of managed （2）types is contained in a Management Information Base(MIB) module. Many such MIB modules are defined. For each managed object type it describes, a MIB（3）defines not only the semantics and syntax of that managed object type, but also the method ofidentifying an individual instance so that multiple （4） of the same managed object type can bedistinguished. Typically, there are instances of each managed object（5） within a managementdomain. （3）是（）
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The presentation layer is concerned with the（1） and semantics of the information exchanged between two systems. The processes in two systems are usually exchanginginformation in the form of character（2）numbers, and so on. The information should bechanged to bit （3） before being transmitted. Because different encoding systems, thepresentation layer is responsible for （4）between these different encoding methods. Thepresentation layer at the sender changes the information from its sender-dependent format into acommon format. The presentation layer at the receiving machine changes the common format intoits （5） dependent format. （1）是（）
The presentation layer is concerned with the（1） and semantics of the information exchanged between two systems. The processes in two systems are usually exchanginginformation in the form of character（2）numbers, and so on. The information should bechanged to bit （3） before being transmitted. Because different encoding systems, thepresentation layer is responsible for （4）between these different encoding methods. Thepresentation layer at the sender changes the information from its sender-dependent format into acommon format. The presentation layer at the receiving machine changes the common format intoits （5） dependent format. （3）是（）
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