Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) The discovery last week of possible evidence of life on Mars has electrified debate over whether the universe is a barren void or a nursery pregnant with life. Scientists who have come stunningly close to repeating genesis, or the origin of life, in a test tube, say the building blocks for life exist everywhere. The challenge is putting them together. (46) "The origin of life is a relatively easy concept and there’s a wide variety of conditions under which it will take place," said late Stanley Miller, a professor at the University of California and a pioneer in the field. "Perhaps the remarkable thing is that even though Mars is not a favorable environment, the origin of life took place. " Astronomers have found that the same gases present in our solar system are present throughout the universe. (47)Efforts to make microscopic life from these basic elements on Earth suggests the chance of life arising under similar circumstances is the same everywhere, say chemists, biologists and other experts. "It seems fairly likely that life similar to ours, if there is water available ’" would evolve in other environments in our galaxy or our universe," said James Ferris, a leading researcher and editor of the journal "Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere." Underlying much of the research is the question.. Was the development of life on Earth unique, or did the universe’s chemical elements naturally evolve into life (48) The answer appears to be that at least the chemical reactions that set the stage for early life would be similar everywhere, but resultant living organisms would differ because of the genetic mutations in evolution. "If you’ve got the same starting materials and the same conditions, you’re going to get the a me compounds, that’s for sure," Miller said. "The real question is whether or not there are chance elements in the formation of life." (49) In a 1953 experiment, Miller mixed basic gases approximating the Earth’s early atmosphere with an electric charge inside a glass chamber and produced amino acids, a primitive building block of life. He then suggested that life was a natural evolution. It seemed that science was on the verge of conjuring up creations in the laboratory, but the next 43 years were to present unexpected challenges. (50) "Making the amino acids made it seem like the rest of the steps would be very easy; it’s turned out to be more difficult than I thought it would be," Miller said in an interview. The answer appears to be that at least the chemical reactions that set the stage for early life would be similar everywhere, but resultant living organisms would differ because of the genetic mutations in evolution. "
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Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) The discovery last week of possible evidence of life on Mars has electrified debate over whether the universe is a barren void or a nursery pregnant with life. Scientists who have come stunningly close to repeating genesis, or the origin of life, in a test tube, say the building blocks for life exist everywhere. The challenge is putting them together. (46) "The origin of life is a relatively easy concept and there’s a wide variety of conditions under which it will take place," said late Stanley Miller, a professor at the University of California and a pioneer in the field. "Perhaps the remarkable thing is that even though Mars is not a favorable environment, the origin of life took place. " Astronomers have found that the same gases present in our solar system are present throughout the universe. (47)Efforts to make microscopic life from these basic elements on Earth suggests the chance of life arising under similar circumstances is the same everywhere, say chemists, biologists and other experts. "It seems fairly likely that life similar to ours, if there is water available ’" would evolve in other environments in our galaxy or our universe," said James Ferris, a leading researcher and editor of the journal "Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere." Underlying much of the research is the question.. Was the development of life on Earth unique, or did the universe’s chemical elements naturally evolve into life (48) The answer appears to be that at least the chemical reactions that set the stage for early life would be similar everywhere, but resultant living organisms would differ because of the genetic mutations in evolution. "If you’ve got the same starting materials and the same conditions, you’re going to get the a me compounds, that’s for sure," Miller said. "The real question is whether or not there are chance elements in the formation of life." (49) In a 1953 experiment, Miller mixed basic gases approximating the Earth’s early atmosphere with an electric charge inside a glass chamber and produced amino acids, a primitive building block of life. He then suggested that life was a natural evolution. It seemed that science was on the verge of conjuring up creations in the laboratory, but the next 43 years were to present unexpected challenges. (50) "Making the amino acids made it seem like the rest of the steps would be very easy; it’s turned out to be more difficult than I thought it would be," Miller said in an interview. Efforts to make microscopic life from these basic elements on Earth suggests the chance of life arising under similar circumstances is the same everywhere, say chemists, biologists and other experts. "
Part B Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) In France, as in many European countries, friends generally are of the same sex, and friendship is seen as basically a relationship between men. (41)___________________. And many French people doubt the possibility of a friendship between a man and a woman. There is also the kind of relationship within a group - men and women who have worked together for a long time, who may be very close, sharing great loyalty and warmth of feeling. They may call one another - copains - a word that in English becomes "friends" but has more the feeling of "pals" or "buddies". In French eyes this is not friendship, although two members of such a group may well be friends. For the French, friendship is one-to-one relationship that demands a keen awareness of the other person’s intellect, temperament and particular interests. (42)_________________________. Your political philosophy assumes more depth, appreciation of a play becomes sharper, taste in food or wine is enhanced, enjoyment of a sport is intensified. And French friendships are divided into categories. A man may play chess with a friend for thirty years without knowing his political opinion, or he may talk politics with him for a long time without knowing about his personal life. Different friends fill different niches in each person’s life. (43)____________________________________These duties, also serious and required, are primarily for relatives. Men who are friends may meet in a caf6. Intellectual friends may meet in large groups for evenings of conversation. Working people may meet at the little bistro where they drink and talk, far from the family. (44)_____________________________. In the past in France, friendships of this kind seldom were open to any but intellectual women. (45)______________________. The special relationship of friendship is based on what the French value most - on the mind, on having the same outlook, on vivid a awareness of some chosen area of life.[A] These friendships are not made part of family life. A friend is not expected to spend evenings being nice to children or courteous to a deaf grandmother.[B] A Frenchman explains, "If I were to say to you in France, ’This is my good friend’ , that person would not be as close to me as someone about whom I said only, ’ This is my friend. ’ Anyone about whom I have to say more is really less."[C] Since most women’s lives centered on their homes, their warmest relations with other women often went back to their girlhood.[D] Marriage does not affect such friendship; wives don’t have to be taken into account.[E] Frenchwomen laugh at the idea that "women can’t be friends", but they also admit sometimes that for women "it is a different thing"[F] Between French friends, who have chosen each other for the similarity of their point of view, lively disagreement and sharpness of argument are the breath of life.[G] A friend is someone who draws out your own best qualities, with whom you sparkle and become more of whatever the friendship draws upon. 45
Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) The discovery last week of possible evidence of life on Mars has electrified debate over whether the universe is a barren void or a nursery pregnant with life. Scientists who have come stunningly close to repeating genesis, or the origin of life, in a test tube, say the building blocks for life exist everywhere. The challenge is putting them together. (46) "The origin of life is a relatively easy concept and there’s a wide variety of conditions under which it will take place," said late Stanley Miller, a professor at the University of California and a pioneer in the field. "Perhaps the remarkable thing is that even though Mars is not a favorable environment, the origin of life took place. " Astronomers have found that the same gases present in our solar system are present throughout the universe. (47)Efforts to make microscopic life from these basic elements on Earth suggests the chance of life arising under similar circumstances is the same everywhere, say chemists, biologists and other experts. "It seems fairly likely that life similar to ours, if there is water available ’" would evolve in other environments in our galaxy or our universe," said James Ferris, a leading researcher and editor of the journal "Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere." Underlying much of the research is the question.. Was the development of life on Earth unique, or did the universe’s chemical elements naturally evolve into life (48) The answer appears to be that at least the chemical reactions that set the stage for early life would be similar everywhere, but resultant living organisms would differ because of the genetic mutations in evolution. "If you’ve got the same starting materials and the same conditions, you’re going to get the a me compounds, that’s for sure," Miller said. "The real question is whether or not there are chance elements in the formation of life." (49) In a 1953 experiment, Miller mixed basic gases approximating the Earth’s early atmosphere with an electric charge inside a glass chamber and produced amino acids, a primitive building block of life. He then suggested that life was a natural evolution. It seemed that science was on the verge of conjuring up creations in the laboratory, but the next 43 years were to present unexpected challenges. (50) "Making the amino acids made it seem like the rest of the steps would be very easy; it’s turned out to be more difficult than I thought it would be," Miller said in an interview. In a 1953 experiment, Miller mixed basic gases approximating the Earth’s early atmosphere with an electric charge inside a glass chamber and produced amino acids, a primitive building block of life.
Part B Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) In France, as in many European countries, friends generally are of the same sex, and friendship is seen as basically a relationship between men. (41)___________________. And many French people doubt the possibility of a friendship between a man and a woman. There is also the kind of relationship within a group - men and women who have worked together for a long time, who may be very close, sharing great loyalty and warmth of feeling. They may call one another - copains - a word that in English becomes "friends" but has more the feeling of "pals" or "buddies". In French eyes this is not friendship, although two members of such a group may well be friends. For the French, friendship is one-to-one relationship that demands a keen awareness of the other person’s intellect, temperament and particular interests. (42)_________________________. Your political philosophy assumes more depth, appreciation of a play becomes sharper, taste in food or wine is enhanced, enjoyment of a sport is intensified. And French friendships are divided into categories. A man may play chess with a friend for thirty years without knowing his political opinion, or he may talk politics with him for a long time without knowing about his personal life. Different friends fill different niches in each person’s life. (43)____________________________________These duties, also serious and required, are primarily for relatives. Men who are friends may meet in a caf6. Intellectual friends may meet in large groups for evenings of conversation. Working people may meet at the little bistro where they drink and talk, far from the family. (44)_____________________________. In the past in France, friendships of this kind seldom were open to any but intellectual women. (45)______________________. The special relationship of friendship is based on what the French value most - on the mind, on having the same outlook, on vivid a awareness of some chosen area of life.[A] These friendships are not made part of family life. A friend is not expected to spend evenings being nice to children or courteous to a deaf grandmother.[B] A Frenchman explains, "If I were to say to you in France, ’This is my good friend’ , that person would not be as close to me as someone about whom I said only, ’ This is my friend. ’ Anyone about whom I have to say more is really less."[C] Since most women’s lives centered on their homes, their warmest relations with other women often went back to their girlhood.[D] Marriage does not affect such friendship; wives don’t have to be taken into account.[E] Frenchwomen laugh at the idea that "women can’t be friends", but they also admit sometimes that for women "it is a different thing"[F] Between French friends, who have chosen each other for the similarity of their point of view, lively disagreement and sharpness of argument are the breath of life.[G] A friend is someone who draws out your own best qualities, with whom you sparkle and become more of whatever the friendship draws upon. 42