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New U.S. Plan for Disease PreventionUrging Americans to 1 responsibility for their health, Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson 2 Tuesday launched a $15 million program to try to 3 communities to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heart disease, cancer and diabetes.The initiative highlights the cost of chronic diseases—the leading causes of death in the United States— and outlines ways that people can 4 them, including better diet and increased exercise."In the United States today, 7 of 10 deaths and the vast majority of 5 illness, disability and health care costs are 6 by chronic diseases," the Health and Human Services Department said in a statement.The causes are often 7 —smoking, poor eating habits and a lack of exercise."I am 8 that preventing disease by promoting better health is a smart policy choice for our future," Thompson told at a conference held to launch the initiative."Our current health care system is not structured to 9 with the escalating costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through changes in our lifestyle choices."Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than $351 billion in 2003."These leading causes of death for men and women are largely 10 , yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary for us to lead healthier, longer lives," he said.The $15 million is 11 to go to communities to promote prevention, pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walk more. 12 exercise such as walking can prevent and even 13 heart disease and diabetes, and prevent cancer and strokes.The money will also go to community organizations, clinics and nutritionists who are being encouraged to work together to educate people at 14 of diabetes about what they can do to prevent it and encourage more cancer screening.The American Cancer Society 15 that half of all cancers can be caught by screening, including Pap tests for cervical (子宫颈的) cancer, mammograms (乳房X射线照片) for breast cancer, colonoscopies (结肠镜检查), and prostate (前列腺的) checks.If such cancers were all caught by early screening, the group estimates that the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent.
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Taxi RidingIn a moment of personal crisis, how much help can you expect from a New York taxi driver I began studying this question after watching the "Taxicab Confessions", a series of documentaries in which hidden cameras record the secrets of unsuspecting taxi riders. I found the results varied.One morning I got into three different taxis and announced: "Well, it"s my first day back in New York in seven years. I"ve been in prison." Not a single driver replied, so I tried again. "Yeah, I shot a man in Reno," I explained, hoping the driver would ask me why, so I could say casually, "Just to watch him die." But nobody asked. The only response came from a Ghanaian driver: "Reno That is in Nevada"Taxi drivers were uniformly sympathetic when I said I"d just been fired. "This is America," a Haitian driver said. "One door is closed. Another is open." He argued against my plan to burn down my boss"s house: "If you do something silly and they put you away, you cannot look for another job." A Pakistani driver even turned down a chance to profit from my loss of hope: he refused to take me to the middle of the George Washington Bridge, a $20 trip. "Why do you want to go there Go home and relax. Don"t worry. Take a new job."One very hot weekday in July, while wearing a red ski mask and holding a stuffed pillowcase with the word "BANK" on it, I tried hailing a taxi five times outside different banks. The driver picked me up every time. My ride with Guy-Caaude Thevenain, a Haitian driver, was typical of the superb assistance I received."Is anyone following us""No," said the driver, looking in his rearview mirror at traffic and me."Let"s go across the park," I said, "I just robbed the bank there. I got $25,000.""$25,000" he asked."Yeah, you think it was wrong to take it""No, man, I work 8 hours and I don"t make almost $70. If I can do that, I do it too."As we approached 86th and Lexington, I pointed to the Chemical Bank."Hey, there"s another bank," I said, "could you wait here a minute while I go inside""No, I can"t wait. Pay me now." His reluctance may have had something to do with money—taxi drivers think the rate for waiting time is too low—but I think he wanted me to learn that even a bank robber can"t expect unconditional support. What does the passage mainly discuss
If there should be human beings on other planets, they would be radically different from Americans.
Ford"s Assembly LineWhen it comes to singling out those who have made a difference in all our lives, you cannot overlook Henry Ford. A historian a century from now might well conclude that it was Ford who most influenced all manufacturing, everywhere, even to this day, by introducing a new way to make cars—one, strange to say, that originated in slaughterhouses (屠宰场).Back in the early 1900s, slaughterhouses used what could have been called a "disassembly line". Ford reversed this process to see if it would speed up production of a part of an automobile engine called a magneto. Rather than have each worker completely assemble a magneto, one of its elements was placed on a conveyor, and each worker, as it passed, added another component to it, the same one each time. Professor David Hounshell of the University of Delaware, an expert on industrial development, tells what happened."The previous day, workers carrying out the entire process had averaged one assembly every 20 minutes. But on that day, on the line, the assembly team averaged one every 13 minutes and 10 seconds per person."Within a year, the time had been reduced to five minutes. In 1913, Ford went all the way. Hooked together by ropes, partially assembled vehicles were towed (拖、拉) past workers who completed them one piece at a time. It hasn"t been long before Ford wasturning outseveral hundred and thousand cars a year, a remarkable achievement then. And so efficient and economical was this new system that he cut the price of his cars in half, to $260, putting them within reach of all those who, up until that time, could not afford them. Soon, auto makers and the world all copied him.In fact, he encouraged them to do so by writing a book about all of his innovations, entitledToday and Tomorrow. The Age of the Automobile has arrived. Today, aided by robots and other forms of automation (自动化), everything from toasters to perfumes is made on assembly lines. The phrase "turning out" in the fourth paragraph could be best replaced by ______.
Ford"s Assembly LineWhen it comes to singling out those who have made a difference in all our lives, you cannot overlook Henry Ford. A historian a century from now might well conclude that it was Ford who most influenced all manufacturing, everywhere, even to this day, by introducing a new way to make cars—one, strange to say, that originated in slaughterhouses (屠宰场).Back in the early 1900s, slaughterhouses used what could have been called a "disassembly line". Ford reversed this process to see if it would speed up production of a part of an automobile engine called a magneto. Rather than have each worker completely assemble a magneto, one of its elements was placed on a conveyor, and each worker, as it passed, added another component to it, the same one each time. Professor David Hounshell of the University of Delaware, an expert on industrial development, tells what happened."The previous day, workers carrying out the entire process had averaged one assembly every 20 minutes. But on that day, on the line, the assembly team averaged one every 13 minutes and 10 seconds per person."Within a year, the time had been reduced to five minutes. In 1913, Ford went all the way. Hooked together by ropes, partially assembled vehicles were towed (拖、拉) past workers who completed them one piece at a time. It hasn"t been long before Ford wasturning outseveral hundred and thousand cars a year, a remarkable achievement then. And so efficient and economical was this new system that he cut the price of his cars in half, to $260, putting them within reach of all those who, up until that time, could not afford them. Soon, auto makers and the world all copied him.In fact, he encouraged them to do so by writing a book about all of his innovations, entitledToday and Tomorrow. The Age of the Automobile has arrived. Today, aided by robots and other forms of automation (自动化), everything from toasters to perfumes is made on assembly lines. The invention of the assembly line enabled Henry Ford ______.
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