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One summer my wife Chris and I were invited by friends to row down the Colorado River in a boat. Our expedition included many highly successful people -- the kind who have staffs to take care of life’’s daily work. But in the wilder rapids, all of us naturally set aside any pretenses (矫饰) and put our backs into every stroke to keep the boat from tumbling over. At each night’’s encampment, we all hauled supplies and cleaned dishes. After only two days in the river, people accustomed to being spoiled and indulged bad become a team, working together to cope with the unpredictable twists and turns of the river. I believe that in life -- as well as on boat trips -- teamwork will make all our journeys successful ones. The rhythms of teamwork have been the rhythms of my life. I played basketball alongside famous players, and the team I now coach, the New York Knicks, has recovered from years of adversity to become a major contender in the 1990s. I’’m persuaded that teamwork is the key to making dreams come true. We all play on a number of teams in our lives -- as part of a family, as a citizen, as a member of an agreement, written or unwritten. It contains the values and goals for every team member. For example, in the late 1970s a General Motors plant in Fremont, Calif, was the scene of constant warfare between labor and management. Distrust ran so high that the labor contract was hundreds of pages of tricky legal terms. GM spent millions trying to keep the facility up to date, but productivity and quality were continually poor. Absenteeism (旷工) was so out of control that the production line couldn’’t even start up on some mornings. Finally in the early 1980s, GM shut down the plant. GM became convinced that it had to create new production systems based on teamwork. In the mid-1980s it reopened the Fremont plant with Toyota, starting from scratch (从零开始) with a much simpler and shorter labor contract. It promised that executive salaries would be reduced and jobs performed by outside sellers would be given to employees before any layoffs were considered. Over a hundred job classifications were cut to just two. Instead of doing one boring job over and over, workers agreed to be part of small teams, spending equal time on various tasks. What happened to the New York Knicks in the 1980s

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Health and Safety: the importance of considering health and safety issues when planning office space

[背景资料] 某水利枢纽工程由电站、溢洪道和土坝组成。主坝为均质土坝,上游设干砌石护坡,下游设草皮护坡和堆石排水体,坝顶设碎石路,工程实施过程中发生下述事件: 事件一:项目法人委托该工程质量监督机构对大坝填筑按《水利水电基本建设工程单元工程质量等级评定标准》规定的检验数量进行质量检查。质量监督机构受项目法人委托,承担了该工程质量检测任务。 事件二:土坝施工单位将坝体碾压分包给具有良好碾压设备和经验的乙公司承担。合同技术文件中,单元工程的划分标准是:以40m坝长、20cm铺料厚度为单元工程的计算单位,铺料为一个单元工程,碾压为另一个单元工程。 事件三:该工程监理单位给施工单位“监理通知”如下:经你单位申请并提出设计变更,我单位复核同意将坝下游排水体改为浆砌石,边坡由1:2.5改为1:2。 事件四:土坝单位工程完工验收结论为:本单位工程划分为30个分部工程,其中质量合格12个,质量优良18个,优良率为60%,主要分部工程(坝顶碎石路)质量优良,且施工中未发生重大质量事故;中间产品质量全部合格,其中混凝土拌合物质量达到优良;原材料质量、金属结构及启闭机制造质量合格;外观质量得分率为84%。所以,本单位工程质量评定为优良。 事件五:该工程项目单元工程质量评定表由监理单位填写,土坝单位工程完工验收由施工单位主持。工程截流验收及移民安置验收由项目法人主持。 土坝单位工程质量等级实际为优良。依据水利工程验收和质量评定的有关规定,简要分析事件四中验收结论存在的问题。

[背景资料] 某城市围堰堤为1级堤防,在原排涝西侧200m新建一座排涝泵站(包括进水建筑物、泵室、穿堤涵洞、出水建筑物等),总装机容量1980kW,合同工期为16个月,自2010年11月至2012年2月。该地区主汛期为6、7、8三个月,泵室、穿堤涵洞等主体工程安排在非汛期施工。施工过程中,发生如下事件: 事件一:施工单位施工组织设计中,汛前以泵室、进水建筑物施工为关键工作,穿堤涵洞、出水建筑物施工相机安排。 事件二:穿堤涵洞的土方开挖及回填工作量不大,施工单位将该土方工程分包给具有相应资质的单位。厂房、管理房的内外装饰(包括玻璃幕墙、贴面)分包给具有相应资质的单位。 事件三:竣工验收前,项目法人委托检测单位对堤身填筑和混凝土护坡质量进行抽检。 事件四:2011月份的施工进度计划中,3月3日穿堤涵洞周边堤防土方回填至设计高程,3月4日——3月14日进行堤外侧现浇混凝土护坡施工。 事件二中,分包是否允许简述理由。

Motivation: the importance of motivating staff at all levels of a company

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