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The fridge’s effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant.()
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Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage. Electricity was born at the dawn of the last century. From then on, households have been inundated with a flood of home electric goods. What is the impact of this home electric goods revolution It is argued here that the home electric goods revolution may liberate women from the home. And it is true that many households never hesitate a second to adopt this new technology or that, however, in fact many of the home electric goods which are advertised as liberating the modem woman tend to have the opposite effect, because they simply change the nature of work instead of eliminating it. Machines have a certain novelty value, like toys for adults. It is certainly less tiring to put clothes in a washing machine, but the time saved does not really amount to much the machine has to be watched, the clothes have to be carefully sorted out first, stains removed by hand, buttons pushed and water changed, clothes taken out, aired and ironed. It would be more liberating to pack it all off to a laundry and not necessarily more expensive, since no capital in vestment is required. Similarly, if you really want to save time, you do not make cakes with an electric mixer, you buy one in a shop. If one compares the image of the woman in the women’s magazine with the goods advertised by those periodicals, one realizes how useful a projected image can be commercially. A carefulbalance has to be struck: if you show a labor-saving device, follow it up with a complicated recipe on the next page; on no account hint at the notion that a woman could get herself a job, but in stead foster her sense of her own usefulness, emphasizing the creative aspect of her function as a housewife. So we get cake mixes (蛋糕粉) in which the cook simply adds an egg herself, to pro duce "that lovely homo-baked flavor the family love", and knitting patterns that can be made by hand, or worse still, on knitting machines, which became tremendously fashionable when they were first introduced. Automatic cookers are advertised by pictures of pretty young mothers taking their children to the park, not by professional women presetting the dinner before leaving home for work. The goods advertised in women’s magazines are really meant to ______.
W: Hi, Jim. I haven’t seen you for a few weeks.M: Oh, hi, Mary. (9)I have been studying a lot for my final exam.W: Well, this semester is about over now.M: Yeah. (8)My brother is coming for a visit this summer, and we’d like to see some of the country, but traveling is so expensive.W: Have you thought about campingM: Camping I’ve never done that.W: I think you’ll really like it. (10)You can rent the equipment you need.M: Is it cheapW: Yeah, much cheaper than buying or staying at the hotel.M: Good idea. Here is my bus. I’ll talk to you about this again and get all the details. What is Jim going to do this summer().
A happy marriage apparently is good medicine, but hostile spouses may be harmful to one another’s health. Couples in (36) marriages take longer than the happily married to heal from all kinds of wounds, from minor scrapes or (37) injuries to major surgery, suggests a study over the weekend. And the health toll taken by a stressful job seems to be (38) when the worker has a pleasurable home life. This new research, reported at an American Psychosomatic Society meeting, adds to growing evidence that marriage has an (39) on health. In the wound healing study, 42 couples agreed to let researchers use a suction (40) to create several minor blister wounds on their skin in two (41) about two months apart. The first time, couples were told to discuss a (42) topic; the next time they were given half an hour to (43) an issue or two on which they disagreed. Their discussions were monitored. Researchers also (44) . The outcome: "Even a simple discussion of a disagreement slows wound healing," says psychologist Janice Kieeolt-Glaser, who did the study with co author Ronald Glaser of Ohio State University College of Medicine. Overall, (45) . Hostile couples—peppering both discussions with criticism, sarcasm and put-downs—healed the slowest. It took them 40% longer, or two more days, to heal, and they also produced less of the proteins linked to healing. (46) , Kiecoh-Glaser adds. "Such stress before surgery matters greatly," she says, and the effect could apply to healing from any injury.
Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage. Video games have become increasingly popular in both arcades and the average American home. People of all ages and from all walks of life are enjoying hours of entertainment by feeding their time and quarters into these flashing, beeping machines. Many skeptics as well as prospective arcade owners have asked what it is that gives Pac Man, Centipede, and a multitude of other popular games their magnetic appeal to millions of players. As a video player myself, I believe there are many answers to that question but three are outstanding. Before a full-scale attack is launched against young video players for "throwing away" their quarters, one should first consider the rising costs of more traditional forms of entertainment. For instance, eighteen holes of miniature golf or ten frames of bowling will cost the player at least two dollars, and one movie costs four bucks. For just two dollars, a video player can get at least eight games, and the better he gets, the longer he can play. Compare that record with the game of miniature golf, where the better one becomes, the shorter amount of time he gets to play. Not only are the games less expensive than other forms of entertainment, hut they are also more in tune with the important issues of the day. Even those people who have never been interested in science are beginning to appreciate how much science influences our lives today. Video games, which are the products of advanced technology and uncontrolled imagination, have brought today’s youth closer than ever to the exciting world of science by games. In fact, there are even cartridges which teach garners how to program computers. It is exciting to be involved with the most up-to-date ideas of the day, and video games help provide people with the opportunity to be involved. Besides the fact that they help people to get involved in technology, video games also pro vide an outlet for the emotions and the ego. If a man gets frustrated with his boss, for example, he can go to the arcade after work to destroy enemy cruisers rather than drown his anxieties in liquor. Also, for those who feel they are not capable of excelling at anything, the games provide am. challenges which are easily mastered with patience and practice. It gives a person a good feeling to know that he has broken his own record or that of someone else. It can be inferred that Pac Man and Centipede are ______.
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