题目内容
Have we ever had judicious criteria on who are heroes and who are fools in science Have we ever had people believe in those seemingly self-evident judgments In the (31) model of scientific " progress ", we begin in superstitious ignorance and move toward final truth by the (32) accumulation of facts. In this complacent perspective, the history of science contains (33) than anecdotal interest—for it can only chronicle past errors and (34) the bricklayers for discerning (35) of final truth. It is as transparent as an old-fashioned drama: truth ( as we perceive it today) is the only arbiter and the world of (36) scientists is divided into good guys who are right and bad guys who are wrong. Historians of science have utterly (37) this model during the past decade. Science is not a heartless pursuit of (38) information. It is a creative human (39) , and its geniuses acting more as artists than as information processors. (40) in theory are not simply the results of new discoveries (41) the work of creative imagination (42) by contemporary social and political (43) We should not judge the past (44) anachronistic spectacles of our own convictions—designating as heroes the scientists (45) we judge to be right (46) that had nothing to do with their own (47) .We are (48) foolish if we call Anaximander (sixth century B. C. ) an evolutionist because, in advocating a (49) role for water among the four elements, he held that life first (50) the sea; yet most textbooks so credit him.
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He is waiting at the airline ticket counter when he first notices the young woman. She has glossy black hair pulled tightly into a knot at the back of her head—the man imagines it loosed and cascading to her small back— and carries over her shoulder of her leather coat a heavy black purse. She wears black boots of soft leather. He struggles to see her face—she is ahead of him in line—but it is not until she has bought her ticket and turns to walk away that he realizes her beauty, which is pale and dark-eyed and full-mouthed, and which quickens his heart beat. ① She seems aware that he is staring at her and lowers her gaze abruptly. The airline clerk interrupts. The man gives up looking at the woman—he thinks she may be about twenty- five—and buys a round-trip, coach class ticket to an eastern city. His flight leaves in an hour. To kill time, the man steps into one of the airport cocktail bars and orders a scotch and water. While he sips it he watches the flow of travelers through the terminal—including a remarkable number, he thinks, of unattached pretty women dressed in fashion magazine clothes—until he catches sight of the black-haired girl in the leather coat. She is standing near a Travelers Aid counter, deep in conversation with a second girl, a blond in a cloth coat trimmed with gray fur. He wants somehow to attract the brunette’s attention, to invite her to have a drink with him before her own flight leaves for wherever she is traveling, but even though he believes for a moment she is looking his way he cannot catch her eye from out of the shadows of the bar. ② In another instant the two women separate; neither of their direction is toward him. He orders a second scotch and water. When next he sees her, he is buying a magazine to read during the flight and becomes aware that someone is jostling him. At first he is startled that anyone would be so close as to touch him, but when he sees who it is he musters a smile. "Busy place," he says. She looks up at him—is she blushing—and an odd grimace crosses her mouth and vanishes. She moves away from him and joins the crowds in the terminal. The man is at the counter with his magazine, but when he reaches into his back pocket for his wallet the pocket is empty. Where could I have lost it He thinks. His mind begins enumerating the credit cards, the currency, the membership and identification cards; his stomach churns with something very like fear. The girl who was so near to me, he thinks—and all at once he understands that she has picked his pocket. The girl’s attitude towards the man can be described as______.
He is waiting at the airline ticket counter when he first notices the young woman. She has glossy black hair pulled tightly into a knot at the back of her head—the man imagines it loosed and cascading to her small back— and carries over her shoulder of her leather coat a heavy black purse. She wears black boots of soft leather. He struggles to see her face—she is ahead of him in line—but it is not until she has bought her ticket and turns to walk away that he realizes her beauty, which is pale and dark-eyed and full-mouthed, and which quickens his heart beat. ① She seems aware that he is staring at her and lowers her gaze abruptly. The airline clerk interrupts. The man gives up looking at the woman—he thinks she may be about twenty- five—and buys a round-trip, coach class ticket to an eastern city. His flight leaves in an hour. To kill time, the man steps into one of the airport cocktail bars and orders a scotch and water. While he sips it he watches the flow of travelers through the terminal—including a remarkable number, he thinks, of unattached pretty women dressed in fashion magazine clothes—until he catches sight of the black-haired girl in the leather coat. She is standing near a Travelers Aid counter, deep in conversation with a second girl, a blond in a cloth coat trimmed with gray fur. He wants somehow to attract the brunette’s attention, to invite her to have a drink with him before her own flight leaves for wherever she is traveling, but even though he believes for a moment she is looking his way he cannot catch her eye from out of the shadows of the bar. ② In another instant the two women separate; neither of their direction is toward him. He orders a second scotch and water. When next he sees her, he is buying a magazine to read during the flight and becomes aware that someone is jostling him. At first he is startled that anyone would be so close as to touch him, but when he sees who it is he musters a smile. "Busy place," he says. She looks up at him—is she blushing—and an odd grimace crosses her mouth and vanishes. She moves away from him and joins the crowds in the terminal. The man is at the counter with his magazine, but when he reaches into his back pocket for his wallet the pocket is empty. Where could I have lost it He thinks. His mind begins enumerating the credit cards, the currency, the membership and identification cards; his stomach churns with something very like fear. The girl who was so near to me, he thinks—and all at once he understands that she has picked his pocket. We can infer from the passage that the man ______.
The average young American now spends practically every waking minute—except for the time in school, though reluctantly—using a smart phone, computer, television or other electronic devices, according to a new study. Those ages 8 to 18 spend seven and a half hours a day with such devices, compared with less than six and a half hours five years ago. And that does not count the hour and a half that youths spend texting, or the half hour they talk on their cellphones. And because so many of them are multitasking—say, surfing the Internet while listening to music—they pack on average nearly 11 hours of media content into that seven and a half hours. The study’s findings shocked its authors, who had concluded in 2005 that use could not possibly grow further, and confirmed the fears of many parents whose children are constantly tethered to media devices. ① It found, moreover, that heavy media use is associated with several negatives, including behavior problems and lower grades. Dr. Michael Rich, a pediatrician at Children’s Hospital Boston who directs the Center on Media and Child Health, said that with media use so ubiquitous, it was time to stop arguing over whether it was good or bad and accept it as part of children’s environment, "like the air they breathe, the water they drink and the food they eat. " Contrary to popular wisdom, the heaviest media users reported spending a similar amount of time exercising as the light media users. Nonetheless, other studies have established a link between screen time and obesity. While most of the young people in the study got good grades, 47 percent of the heaviest media users—those who consumed at least 16 hours a day—had mostly C’s or lower, compared with 23 percent of those who typically consumed media three hours a day or less. The heaviest media users were also more likely than the lightest users to report that they were bored or sad, or that they got into trouble, did not get along well with their parents and were not happy at school. The study could not say whether the media use causes problems, or, rather, whether troubled youths turn to heavy media use. "This is a stunner," said Donald F. Roberts, one of the authors of the study. "In the second report, I remember writing a paragraph saying we’ve hit a ceiling on media use, since there just aren’t enough hours in the day to increase the time children spend on media.② But now it’s up an hour. \ As to the time youngsters spend on electronic devices, they spend ______hours a day altogether.
He is waiting at the airline ticket counter when he first notices the young woman. She has glossy black hair pulled tightly into a knot at the back of her head—the man imagines it loosed and cascading to her small back— and carries over her shoulder of her leather coat a heavy black purse. She wears black boots of soft leather. He struggles to see her face—she is ahead of him in line—but it is not until she has bought her ticket and turns to walk away that he realizes her beauty, which is pale and dark-eyed and full-mouthed, and which quickens his heart beat. ① She seems aware that he is staring at her and lowers her gaze abruptly. The airline clerk interrupts. The man gives up looking at the woman—he thinks she may be about twenty- five—and buys a round-trip, coach class ticket to an eastern city. His flight leaves in an hour. To kill time, the man steps into one of the airport cocktail bars and orders a scotch and water. While he sips it he watches the flow of travelers through the terminal—including a remarkable number, he thinks, of unattached pretty women dressed in fashion magazine clothes—until he catches sight of the black-haired girl in the leather coat. She is standing near a Travelers Aid counter, deep in conversation with a second girl, a blond in a cloth coat trimmed with gray fur. He wants somehow to attract the brunette’s attention, to invite her to have a drink with him before her own flight leaves for wherever she is traveling, but even though he believes for a moment she is looking his way he cannot catch her eye from out of the shadows of the bar. ② In another instant the two women separate; neither of their direction is toward him. He orders a second scotch and water. When next he sees her, he is buying a magazine to read during the flight and becomes aware that someone is jostling him. At first he is startled that anyone would be so close as to touch him, but when he sees who it is he musters a smile. "Busy place," he says. She looks up at him—is she blushing—and an odd grimace crosses her mouth and vanishes. She moves away from him and joins the crowds in the terminal. The man is at the counter with his magazine, but when he reaches into his back pocket for his wallet the pocket is empty. Where could I have lost it He thinks. His mind begins enumerating the credit cards, the currency, the membership and identification cards; his stomach churns with something very like fear. The girl who was so near to me, he thinks—and all at once he understands that she has picked his pocket. What does "sips" in Paragraph Two probably mean
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