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Scientists around the world are racing to learn how to rapidly diagnose, treat and stop the spread of a new, deadly disease. SARS — Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome — was【C1】______for the first time in February 2003 in Hanoi, 【C2】______since then has infected more than 1, 600 people in 15 countries, killing 63. At this【C3】______there are more questions than answers surrounding the disease. Symptoms start【C4】______a fever over 100. 4 degrees F, chills, headache or body【C5】______Within a week, the patient has a dry cough, which might【C6】______to shortness of breath. In 10% to 20% of cases, patients require【C7】______ventilation to breathe. About 3.5% die from the disease. Symptoms【C8】______begin in two to seven days, but some reports suggest it【C9】______take as long as 10 days. Scientists are close to【C10】______a lab test to diagnose SARS. In the meantime, it is diagnosed by its symptoms. There is no evidence【C11】______antibiotics or anti-viral medicines help, 【C12】______doctors can offer only supportive care. Patients with SARS are kept in isolation to reduce the risk of【C13】______Scientists aren"t sure yet, but some researchers think it"s a【C14】______discovered corona-virus, the family of viruses that cause some common colds. Most cases appear to have been passed【C15】______droplets expelled when infected patients cough or sneeze. Family members of infected people and medical workers who care for them have been most likely to【C16】______the illness. But recent developments in Hong Kong suggest that the【C17】______might spread through air, or that the virus might【C18】______for two to three hours on doorknobs or other【C19】______Health experts say it is【C20】______, though, that sharing an elevator briefly with an infected person would be enough to pass the virus. 【C5】
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Many people consider the wider use of biofuels a promising way of reducing the amount of surplus carbon dioxide (C02) being pumped into the air by the world"s mechanized transport. The theory is that plants such as sugar cane, maize (corn, to Americans), oilseed rape and wheat take up C02 during their growth, so burning fuels made from them should have no net effect on the amount of that gas in the atmosphere. Theory, though, does not always translate into practice, and just as governments have committed themselves to the greater use of biofuels, questions are being raised about how green this form of energy really is. The latest comes from the International Council for Science (ICSU) based in Paris. The ICSU report concludes that, so far, the production of biofuels has aggravated rather than ameliorated global warming. In particular, it supports some controversial findings published in 2007 by Paul Crutzen of the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Germany. Dr. Crutzen concluded that most analyses had underestimated the importance to global warming of a gas called nitrous oxide (N20). The amount of this gas released by farming biofuel crops such as maize and rape probably negates by itself any advantage offered by reduced emissions of C02. Although N20 is not common in the Earth"s atmosphere, it is a more potent greenhouse gas than CO2 and it hangs around longer. The result is that, over the course of a century, its ability to warm the planet is almost 300 times that of an equivalent mass of C02. N2O is made by bacteria that live in soil and water and, these days, their raw material is often the nitrogen-rich fertiliser that modern farming requires. Since the 1960s the amount of fertiliser used by farmers has increased sixfold, and not all of that extra nitrogen ends up in their crops. Maize, in particular, is described by experts in the field as a "nitrogen-leaky" plant because it has shallow roots and takes up nitrogen for only a few months of the year. This would make maize (which is one of the main sources of biofuel) a particularly bad contributor to global N20 emissions. But it is not just biofuels that are to blame. The ICSU report suggests N20 emissions in general are probably more important than had been realised. Previous studies, including those by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a United Nations-appointed body of experts, may have miscalculated their significance — and according to Adrian Williams of Cranfield University, in Britain, even the IPCC"s approach suggests that the global-warming potential of most of Britain"s annual crops is dominated by N20 emissions. Scientists realize that maize
Scientists around the world are racing to learn how to rapidly diagnose, treat and stop the spread of a new, deadly disease. SARS — Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome — was【C1】______for the first time in February 2003 in Hanoi, 【C2】______since then has infected more than 1, 600 people in 15 countries, killing 63. At this【C3】______there are more questions than answers surrounding the disease. Symptoms start【C4】______a fever over 100. 4 degrees F, chills, headache or body【C5】______Within a week, the patient has a dry cough, which might【C6】______to shortness of breath. In 10% to 20% of cases, patients require【C7】______ventilation to breathe. About 3.5% die from the disease. Symptoms【C8】______begin in two to seven days, but some reports suggest it【C9】______take as long as 10 days. Scientists are close to【C10】______a lab test to diagnose SARS. In the meantime, it is diagnosed by its symptoms. There is no evidence【C11】______antibiotics or anti-viral medicines help, 【C12】______doctors can offer only supportive care. Patients with SARS are kept in isolation to reduce the risk of【C13】______Scientists aren"t sure yet, but some researchers think it"s a【C14】______discovered corona-virus, the family of viruses that cause some common colds. Most cases appear to have been passed【C15】______droplets expelled when infected patients cough or sneeze. Family members of infected people and medical workers who care for them have been most likely to【C16】______the illness. But recent developments in Hong Kong suggest that the【C17】______might spread through air, or that the virus might【C18】______for two to three hours on doorknobs or other【C19】______Health experts say it is【C20】______, though, that sharing an elevator briefly with an infected person would be enough to pass the virus. 【C20】
In the last ten years, the Internet has opened up incredible amounts of information to ordinary citizens. But using the Internet can be like walking into a library where the books are all lying on the floor in piles. While tools like Google allow some structured search, much of the data from such searches is outdated or of questionable value. Some Web enthusiasts have taken up the task of organizing information through a democratic means that only the Internet allows: an encyclopedia of the people, by the people, and completely free to copy and distribute. This "people"s encyclopedia" of the Web — a free site called Wikipedia — has provided a unique solution by inviting individuals to participate in the process of rationalizing and updating Web content. At the heart of this movement are wikis, Web sites that allow users to directly edit any Web page with one click of the mouse. Wikipedia — the largest example of these collaborative efforts — is a functioning, user-contributed online encyclopedia that has become a popular and highly regarded reference in just three years of existence. The goal of Wikipedia was to create an encyclopedia that could be shared and copied freely while encouraging people to < change and improve the content. Each and every article has an "Edit this page" button, allowing anyone, even anonymous passers-by, to add or delete any content on the page. It seems like a recipe for disaster and chaos, but it has produced surprisingly credible content that has been evaluated and revised by the thousands of international visitors to the site. For many, it finally realizes the original concept of World Wide Web creator Tim Berners-Lee — an online environment where people not only browse content, but freely and actively exchange information. The Wikipedia project was started by Jimmy Wales, head of Internet startup Bomis. com, after his original project for a volunteer, but strictly controlled, free encyclopedia ran out of money and resources after two years. Editors with PhD degrees were at the helm of the project then, but it produced only a few hundred articles. Not wanting the content to languish, Wales placed the pages on a wiki website in January 2001 and invited any Internet visitors to edit or add to the collection. The site became a runaway success in the first year and gained a loyal following, generating over 20, 000 articles and spawning over a dozen language translations. After two years, it had 100, 000 articles, and in April 2004, it exceeded 250,000 articles in English and 600,000 articles in 50 other languages. Over 2,000 new articles are added each day across all the various languages. And according to website rankings at Alexa. com, it has become more popular than traditional online encyclopedias such as Britannica. com and is one of the top 600 most heavily visited websites on the Internet. Which of the following is true about Wikipedia
In the last ten years, the Internet has opened up incredible amounts of information to ordinary citizens. But using the Internet can be like walking into a library where the books are all lying on the floor in piles. While tools like Google allow some structured search, much of the data from such searches is outdated or of questionable value. Some Web enthusiasts have taken up the task of organizing information through a democratic means that only the Internet allows: an encyclopedia of the people, by the people, and completely free to copy and distribute. This "people"s encyclopedia" of the Web — a free site called Wikipedia — has provided a unique solution by inviting individuals to participate in the process of rationalizing and updating Web content. At the heart of this movement are wikis, Web sites that allow users to directly edit any Web page with one click of the mouse. Wikipedia — the largest example of these collaborative efforts — is a functioning, user-contributed online encyclopedia that has become a popular and highly regarded reference in just three years of existence. The goal of Wikipedia was to create an encyclopedia that could be shared and copied freely while encouraging people to < change and improve the content. Each and every article has an "Edit this page" button, allowing anyone, even anonymous passers-by, to add or delete any content on the page. It seems like a recipe for disaster and chaos, but it has produced surprisingly credible content that has been evaluated and revised by the thousands of international visitors to the site. For many, it finally realizes the original concept of World Wide Web creator Tim Berners-Lee — an online environment where people not only browse content, but freely and actively exchange information. The Wikipedia project was started by Jimmy Wales, head of Internet startup Bomis. com, after his original project for a volunteer, but strictly controlled, free encyclopedia ran out of money and resources after two years. Editors with PhD degrees were at the helm of the project then, but it produced only a few hundred articles. Not wanting the content to languish, Wales placed the pages on a wiki website in January 2001 and invited any Internet visitors to edit or add to the collection. The site became a runaway success in the first year and gained a loyal following, generating over 20, 000 articles and spawning over a dozen language translations. After two years, it had 100, 000 articles, and in April 2004, it exceeded 250,000 articles in English and 600,000 articles in 50 other languages. Over 2,000 new articles are added each day across all the various languages. And according to website rankings at Alexa. com, it has become more popular than traditional online encyclopedias such as Britannica. com and is one of the top 600 most heavily visited websites on the Internet. According to the text, Jimmy Wales initiated Wikipedia project in order to
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