题目内容

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency crimes committed by young people focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 16 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 17 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 18 with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 19 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status 20 as a rejection of middleclass values. Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 21 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 22 lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 23 to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly 24 juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 25 to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 26 make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 27 lead more youths into criminal behavior. Families have also 28 changes these years. More families consist of oneparent households or two working parents; 29, children are likely to have less supervision at home, 30 was common in the traditional family 31. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other 32 causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased 33 of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 34 of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 35 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.

A. or
B. but rather
C. but
D. or else

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在自然保护区的核心区内，只允许从事科学研究活动，禁止旅游及其他生产经营活动。

A. 对
B. 错

A A volcanic eruption in Iceland has sent ash across northern Europe.Airlines have stopped or changed the flights across the Atlantic Ocean,leaving hundreds of passengers stuck in airports. Grimsvotn is one of the largest active volcanoes in Europe.What makes Grimsvotn different is that it lies under a huge glacier（冰川） of ice up to 12 meters thick.The hot volcano heats up the ice above it,which then forms a layer（层） of water between the glacier and the volcano.This layer of water puts pressure on the volcano,keeping it stable.As the water flows out from under the glacier,the pressure lifts.The lava（岩浆） from the volcano then comes up to the surface.This is exactly what has happened today. Now,airlines have to make changes to their flights so as not to fly through the clouds of volcanic ash.According to KLM,one of Europes biggest airlines,airplanes cannot go under the cloud or over it.Going through the cloud can result in ash getting stuck in the airplanes engines,causing damage to the plane. The eruption has also caused problems for animals in Iceland.The volcano left ash and sharp,glasslike rocks all over the countryside.Farmers are keeping their animals inside to stop them from eating ashcovered grass or the sharp objects. What makes Grimsvotn different from other volcanoes

A. It is below ice.
B. It lies under the sea.
C. It is the largest volcano.
D. Its lava affects the airlines.

旅游者丁某参加了保定某旅行社组织的省内“山水风光五日游”。在旅游行程最后一天的自由活动时，导游员孟某极力鼓动游客去其朋友焦某新开发的“地下暗河漂流”景区游览，宣称此为“全国最大暗河”，并把大家强拉上了车。由于地下暗河码头必需的安全保护设施尚未安装完毕，致使丁某在登岸时滑倒落水并导致手臂骨折。经查，焦某曾与导游员孟某有约定，每说服一位游客来此漂流，焦某将付给孟某80元的介绍费，而此暗河也根本不是全国最大暗河。为此，丁某向旅游投诉管理部门投诉旅行社及“地下暗河漂流”景区，要求退还导游服务费、景区漂流费并赔偿医药治疗费和精神损失费等。但旅行社认为事故发生在自由活动期间，此游览活动的安排为导游员孟某的个人行为，应由孟某个人负责，与旅行社无关。漂流景区则称丁某登橡皮筏时工作人员已提醒大家要小心，尽到了提示义务，该事故的发生是由丁某不小心造成的，应由丁某个人负责。请回答下列问题：旅行社的说法是否合理？为什么？

旅游者丁某参加了保定某旅行社组织的省内“山水风光五日游”。在旅游行程最后一天的自由活动时，导游员孟某极力鼓动游客去其朋友焦某新开发的“地下暗河漂流”景区游览，宣称此为“全国最大暗河”，并把大家强拉上了车。由于地下暗河码头必需的安全保护设施尚未安装完毕，致使丁某在登岸时滑倒落水并导致手臂骨折。经查，焦某曾与导游员孟某有约定，每说服一位游客来此漂流，焦某将付给孟某80元的介绍费，而此暗河也根本不是全国最大暗河。为此，丁某向旅游投诉管理部门投诉旅行社及“地下暗河漂流”景区，要求退还导游服务费、景区漂流费并赔偿医药治疗费和精神损失费等。但旅行社认为事故发生在自由活动期间，此游览活动的安排为导游员孟某的个人行为，应由孟某个人负责，与旅行社无关。漂流景区则称丁某登橡皮筏时工作人员已提醒大家要小心，尽到了提示义务，该事故的发生是由丁某不小心造成的，应由丁某个人负责。请回答下列问题：导游员孟某有哪些违规行为？依据《导游人员管理条例》、《导游人员管理实施办法》，应如何处罚？