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Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
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Before talking about what forensic and criminal psychology is, we must define criminal behavior first. Criminal behavior suggests a large number and variety of acts. Andrew and Bonta (1998) suggest four broad definitions of criminal behavior and the acts and behaviors that fit within these domains. These four areas are legal criminal behavior or actions that are prohibited by the state and punishable under the law, moral criminal behavior which refers to actions that violate the norms of religion and morality and are believed to be punishable by a supreme spiritual being, social criminal behavior which refers to actions that violate the norms of custom and tradition and are punishable by a community and finally psychological criminal behavior that refers to actions that may be rewarding to the actor but inflict pain or loss on others--it is criminal behavior that is anti-social behavior. A good working definition can be seen as. "antisocial acts that place the actor at risk of becoming the focus of the attention of the criminal and juvenile professionals (Andrews and Bonta, 1998). It is difficult to define criminal behavior as ideas of what is considered immoral, unconventional, illegal or antisocial as it is not stable over time or place. For example, not wearing seatbelt, homosexual activity or spanking a child are all items that have been considered either illegal or legal at one point in time. Delinquency must be distinguished from criminality. Delinquency is defined as behavior that is illegal, immoral or deviant with respect to societal values. Criminality on the other hand is defined as a breaking of existing laws, there is little or no confusion as to what constitutes illegal and legal behaviors, When measuring criminal behavior we are trying in a way to predict future criminal behaviors. We may measure criminal behavior by arrests and charges, however not everyone charged is found guilty. We can also measure the amounts of convictions and incarcerations. We can also measure the amount of self-reported offences and some believe that this may be a more accurate way to measure criminal behavior. This is debatable as there may be reasons that the individuals participating in the anonymous self-report surveys may distrust that their responses are anonymous. As well, individuals may over-or underestimate their crimes for personal reasons. Therefore, when we study criminal behavior we typically study what is known about persons who have been defined as criminals through the criminal justice system. Estimates of actual crime rates are usually obtained from official sources, yet different sources may yield different estimates. Crime reports generally categorize crimes by type of crime and offender characteristics such as age, gender, race and location. What is the best topic for this passage
Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
根据以下案例，回答以下各题： 方先生与李女士于1996年2月登记结婚。2002年4月，方先生夫妇曾以两人婚后的积蓄与张先生合资成立了某有限责任公司。公司设立之初，公司章程上记载的出资情况为方先生50万元，李女士20万元，张先生30万元。2004年初方先生以夫妻感情不和为由提出与李女士离婚并欲解散原有公司。方先生提出将公司的财产按当初的出资额比例分割，即由方先生取得公司财产的50%，李女士取得20%，张先生取得30%。李女士认为公司是在夫妻婚姻关系存在期间登记设立的，属于夫妻共同财产，离婚时应当平均分割。 我国的《婚姻法》( )。
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