题目内容
The 1990s have been designated the Decade Against Drug Abuse by the United Nations. But, (1)_____ less than three years to go before the end of the decade, governments and health organizations (2)_____ that they have made (3)_____ progress in reducing drug, alcohol and tobacco abuse. Today, consumption of all these substances is increasingly steadily worldwide. (4)_____ every country now has problems with (5)_____ drugs. And the world is producing and consuming more alcohol and tobacco than ever. Between 1970 and 1990 beer production (6)_____ rose by over 80 per cent. And, (7)_____ the number of smokers keeps on (8)_____,by the second or third (9)_____ of the next century there could be 10 million deaths each year (10)_____ smoking related illnesses. Drugs are also a huge burden (11)_____ the world economy. In the United States, for example, it"s estimated that alcohol and illegal drug use costs the country tens of billions of dollars each year, mainly (12)_____ health care. When the cost of tobacco related illnesses is added, (13)_____ total more than doubles. Drugs are also closely (14)_____ crime. Many police forces no longer (15)_____ between illegal and legal drugs when fighting crime. In Australia, for example, experts (16)_____ that police in some parts of the country spend between 70 and 80 percent of their time dealing with alcohol-related incidents. One explanation for the increase in drug (17)_____ is simply that people have more money to spend. Tobacco and alcohol companies are now (18)_____ much more on developing countries to take (19)_____ of greater wealth there. And criminals involved in the illegal drug trade are following (20)_____, introducing drugs into countries where they were previously hardly use.
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The Reader has long been the black sheep of the EFL classroom. Teachers either ignore Readers, or neglect and abuse them, failing to recognize their learning potential~ The reason for this can no longer be laid at the door of the publishers. Nowadays, a vast range of material is produced suitable for all interests, age ranges, and ability levels. It is more probably the attitude of the teacher, and thus, the student, which is responsible. Are any of the following close to your own attitude, or familiar to you from conversations with colleagues Readers are an expensive luxury. The school cannot afford them. Other things must come first. (46)I am trying to get through a fairly dense syllabus to equip my students, ultimately, for examinations; I cannot spare the time for frills.Reading for pleasure is a private and personal thing. I cannot see how this can be used in the EFL classroom. (47)I understand that extensive reading for pleasure can only improve language, but I have no way of checking that learning has taken place other than comprehension questions.These activities reduce the pleasure. The above are explanations, excuses, reasons and justifications from teachers talking about the scant use of Readers in the classroom. Their comments illustrate three views prevalent at present. (48)First, that teachers feel that time spared for Readers will in some way deprive their students of certain key language skills and abilities.Second, those teachers are fostering or even pandering to students" reluctance to read for pleasure. (49)Finally, those teachers are unaware of how to use and exploit Readers in their classrooms and therefore provide a limited range of activities, which in turn limits the responses of their students.(50)If teachers take Readers into classroom with any one, or a combination of the above attitudes, this will be imparted to the students who will then also believe that Readers are preventing them from doing something more important and are a waste of valuable learning time.They read only to enable them to answer a comprehension task. It is up to the teacher to convince the reluctant reader that reading, either extensive or intensive, is pleasurable. Only one of many ways of obtaining pleasure is to be able to answer the teachers" comprehension check questions the following day. The world of reading will remain, and still be as inaccessible as ever to the student.
The 1990s have been designated the Decade Against Drug Abuse by the United Nations. But, (1)_____ less than three years to go before the end of the decade, governments and health organizations (2)_____ that they have made (3)_____ progress in reducing drug, alcohol and tobacco abuse. Today, consumption of all these substances is increasingly steadily worldwide. (4)_____ every country now has problems with (5)_____ drugs. And the world is producing and consuming more alcohol and tobacco than ever. Between 1970 and 1990 beer production (6)_____ rose by over 80 per cent. And, (7)_____ the number of smokers keeps on (8)_____,by the second or third (9)_____ of the next century there could be 10 million deaths each year (10)_____ smoking related illnesses. Drugs are also a huge burden (11)_____ the world economy. In the United States, for example, it"s estimated that alcohol and illegal drug use costs the country tens of billions of dollars each year, mainly (12)_____ health care. When the cost of tobacco related illnesses is added, (13)_____ total more than doubles. Drugs are also closely (14)_____ crime. Many police forces no longer (15)_____ between illegal and legal drugs when fighting crime. In Australia, for example, experts (16)_____ that police in some parts of the country spend between 70 and 80 percent of their time dealing with alcohol-related incidents. One explanation for the increase in drug (17)_____ is simply that people have more money to spend. Tobacco and alcohol companies are now (18)_____ much more on developing countries to take (19)_____ of greater wealth there. And criminals involved in the illegal drug trade are following (20)_____, introducing drugs into countries where they were previously hardly use.
The 1990s have been designated the Decade Against Drug Abuse by the United Nations. But, (1)_____ less than three years to go before the end of the decade, governments and health organizations (2)_____ that they have made (3)_____ progress in reducing drug, alcohol and tobacco abuse. Today, consumption of all these substances is increasingly steadily worldwide. (4)_____ every country now has problems with (5)_____ drugs. And the world is producing and consuming more alcohol and tobacco than ever. Between 1970 and 1990 beer production (6)_____ rose by over 80 per cent. And, (7)_____ the number of smokers keeps on (8)_____,by the second or third (9)_____ of the next century there could be 10 million deaths each year (10)_____ smoking related illnesses. Drugs are also a huge burden (11)_____ the world economy. In the United States, for example, it"s estimated that alcohol and illegal drug use costs the country tens of billions of dollars each year, mainly (12)_____ health care. When the cost of tobacco related illnesses is added, (13)_____ total more than doubles. Drugs are also closely (14)_____ crime. Many police forces no longer (15)_____ between illegal and legal drugs when fighting crime. In Australia, for example, experts (16)_____ that police in some parts of the country spend between 70 and 80 percent of their time dealing with alcohol-related incidents. One explanation for the increase in drug (17)_____ is simply that people have more money to spend. Tobacco and alcohol companies are now (18)_____ much more on developing countries to take (19)_____ of greater wealth there. And criminals involved in the illegal drug trade are following (20)_____, introducing drugs into countries where they were previously hardly use.
Fire can be thought of as any combustion process intense enough to emit light. It may be a quietly burning flame or the brilliant flash of an explosion. A typical combustion process is the burning of gasoline in an automobile engine. The vaporized fuel is mixed with air, compressed in the engine"s cylinder, and ignited by a spark. As the fuel flame up, the heat produced flows into the adjacent layer of unburned fuel and ignites it. In this way a zone of fire spreads throughout the fuel mixture is called a combustion wave. The speed at which such a combustion wave travels through a fuel mixture is called the burning velocity of the mixture. The burning velocity of a gas such as methane quietly burning in air is only about one foot per second. By comparison, the burning velocity of more reactive combinations such as the rocket Fuels, hydrogen and fluorine, can be hundreds of feet per second. If the fuel flows at the same speed as the combustion wave, the result is a stationary flame, like the one in your kitchen gas burner. In the kitchen burner a jet of gas mixed with airflows from the opening in the head of the burner. If the velocity of the fuel mixture flowing from the opening is greater than its burning velocity, the flame blows out. In jet engines speeding through the air at 500 to 600 miles per hour, the engine"s flame is sometimes blown out by the blast of air entering the combustion chamber at high speeds. Jet pilots call this condition "flameout". Combustion can sometimes occur very slowly. A familiar example of slow combustion is the drying of ordinary oil-based paint. In this chemical reaction, called oxidation, the oxygen in the air reacts with the drying oil in the paint to provide a tough film. The linseed oil molecules link together, forming an insoluble coating. How can the chemical reaction involved in such a quiet process as the drying of paint also produce spectacular flames and explosions The main difference between the two is the temperature at which they occur. At lower temperatures the reaction must take place over a long time. The heat which is slowly produced is dissipated to the surroundings and does not speed up the reaction. When the heat produced by the low-temperature reaction is retained instead of being dissipated, the system breaks into flame. In a flame or explosion, the reactions are extremely fast. In many chemical processes, however, such a rapid oxidation process would be extremely destructive. An attempt on the part of the author of this passage to give a more informal tone to his writing occurs in ______.
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