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阅读下面的文言文，完成16—18题。 古者谏①无官， 自公卿大夫至于工商，无不得谏者。汉兴以来，始置官。夫以天下之政，四海之众，得失利病，萃②于一官使言之，其为任亦重矣!居是官者，当志于大，舍其细，先其急，后其缓，专利国家，而不为身谋。彼汲汲于名者，犹汲汲于利者也，其间相去何远哉! 。 天禧③初，真宗诏置谏官六员，责其职事④。庆历⑤中，钱君⑥。始书其名于版。光⑦恐久而漫灭，嘉祜八年，刻著于石。后之人，将历指其名而议之曰： “某也忠，某也诈，某也直，某也曲。”呜呼!可不惧哉! [注]①谏：进谏。②萃：集中。③天禧：宋真宗的年号。④责其职事：责成他们掌管进谏之事。⑤庆历：与下文的“嘉枯”都是宋仁宗的年号。⑥钱君 指钱惟演，曾任枢密使，为人正直敢言。⑦光：作者司马光自称。 把文中画线的文字翻译成现代汉语，并说说作者设想后人的议论，其目的是什么(6分)
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In the early 20th century, few things were more appealing than the promise of scientific knowledge. In a world struggling with rapid industrialization, science and technology seemed to offer solutions to almost every problem.Newly created state colleges and universities devoted themselves almost entirely to scientific, technological, and engineering fields. Many Americans came to believe that scientific certainty could not only solve scientific problems, but also reform politics, government, and business.Two world wars and a Great Depression rocked the confidence of many people that scientific expertise alone could create a prosperous and ordered world. After World War Ⅱ, the academic world turned with new enthusiasm to humanistic studies, which seemed to many scholars the best way to ensure the survival of democracy.American scholars fanned out across much of the world—with support from the Ford Foundation, the Fulbright program, etc.—to promote the teaching of literature and the arts in an effort to make the case for democratic freedoms. In the America of our own time, the great educational challenge has become an effort to strengthen the teaching of what is now known as the STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, and math). There is considerable and justified concern that the United States is falling behind much of the rest of the developed world in these essential disciplines. India, China, Japan, and other regions seem to be seizing technological leadership. At the same time, perhaps inevitably, the humanities—while still popular in elite colleges and universities—have experienced a significant decline. Humanistic disciplines are seriously underfunded, not just by the government and the foundations but by academic institutions themselves. Humanists are usually among the lowest-paid faculty members at most institutions and are often lightly regarded because they do not generate grant income and because they provide no obvious credentials (资质) for most nonacademic careers. Undoubtedly American education should train more scientists and engineers. Much of the concern among politicians about the state of American universities today is focused on the absence of “real world” education—which means preparation for professional and scientific careers. But the idea that institutions or their students must decide between humanities and science is false. Our society could not survive without scientific and technological knowledge. But we would be equally impoverished (贫困的) without humanistic knowledge as well. Science and technology teach us what we can do. Humanistic thinking helps us understand what we should do. It is almost impossible to imagine our society without thinking of the extraordinary achievements of scientists and engineers in building our complicated world. But try to imagine our world as well without the remarkable works that have defined our culture and values. We have always needed, and we still need, both. Why are American scholars worried about education today（）
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