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Directions: In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. Passage One In the United States it is not customary to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he assumes it is a matter of life or death. The time chosen for the call communicates its importance. In social life, time plays a very important part. In the United States, guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But this is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meanings of time differ in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings arise between people from cultures that treat time differently. Promptness is valued highly in American life, for example. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the U.S. no one would think of keeping a business associate waiting for an hour, it would be too impolite. When equals meet, a person who is five minutes late is expected to make a short apology. If he is less than five minutes late, he will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence. To Americans, forty minutes of waiting is the beginning of the "insult period". No matter what is said in apology, there is little that can remove the damage done by an hour’s wait. Yet in some other countries, a forty minutes waiting period was not unusual. Instead of being the very end of the allowable waiting scale, it was just the beginning. Americans look ahead and are concerned almost entirely with the future. The American idea of the future is limited, however. It is the foreseeable future and not the future of the South Asian, which may involve centuries. Someone has said of the South Asian idea of time: "Time is like a museum with endless halls and rooms. You, the viewer, are walking through the museum in the dark, holding a light to each scene as you pass it. God is in charge of the museum, and only he knows all that is. One lifetime represents one room. Since time has different meanings in different cultures, communication is often difficult. We will understand each other a little better if we can keep this fact in mind. This passage mainly concerns
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Passage Two Rubbish dumps throughout the industrial world are nearly full, heralding a crisis for city authorities as they look at alternative ways of dealing with the global garbage crisis. That problem is peculiar to fast-moving, wealthy societies, which increasingly demand more packaged goods. In New York State alone, residents have doubled their demand for packaged goods in the past thirty years. And the situation is not expected to ease, not least because of social trends. As more women transfer their production and management skills to commercial enterprises, demand for convenience products in the home continues to grow, says a report published by the Washington-based World Watch Institute. The only solution for a nation which now spends more on wrapping food than it pays farmers to produce it, is recycling on a grand scale for commercial as well as conservation reasons. The Institute wants multi-layered dustbins to be distributed to households, and people to be obliged to separate their waste into four categories: organic, glass and metals; paper; plastics and miscellaneous. It also believes it can only be a matter of time before such bins have to be made compulsory. Cynthia Pollock, the author of the report, entitled "Mining Urban Wastes: The Potential for Recycling", points out that "consumers and policy makers are just beginning to realize that there is not real ’away’ for throwaway". Pollock believes that recycling is the only alternative. "Although household wastes are usually thrown out with little regard for their remaining value, a list of the world’s discards would reveal a wealth of materials." And it is not just food; "Simply recovering the print run of the Sunday edition of the New York Times would leave 75,000 trees standing and reduce the energy used per ton of paper by up to three-quarters." The only solution to the rubbish problem is______.
Passage Two Rubbish dumps throughout the industrial world are nearly full, heralding a crisis for city authorities as they look at alternative ways of dealing with the global garbage crisis. That problem is peculiar to fast-moving, wealthy societies, which increasingly demand more packaged goods. In New York State alone, residents have doubled their demand for packaged goods in the past thirty years. And the situation is not expected to ease, not least because of social trends. As more women transfer their production and management skills to commercial enterprises, demand for convenience products in the home continues to grow, says a report published by the Washington-based World Watch Institute. The only solution for a nation which now spends more on wrapping food than it pays farmers to produce it, is recycling on a grand scale for commercial as well as conservation reasons. The Institute wants multi-layered dustbins to be distributed to households, and people to be obliged to separate their waste into four categories: organic, glass and metals; paper; plastics and miscellaneous. It also believes it can only be a matter of time before such bins have to be made compulsory. Cynthia Pollock, the author of the report, entitled "Mining Urban Wastes: The Potential for Recycling", points out that "consumers and policy makers are just beginning to realize that there is not real ’away’ for throwaway". Pollock believes that recycling is the only alternative. "Although household wastes are usually thrown out with little regard for their remaining value, a list of the world’s discards would reveal a wealth of materials." And it is not just food; "Simply recovering the print run of the Sunday edition of the New York Times would leave 75,000 trees standing and reduce the energy used per ton of paper by up to three-quarters." The main reason for the garbage crisis is______.
Directions: There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. Does walking on the moon make life better for people on earth 1 all the problems of our own world, why should we be spending huge sums on trips to outer space Such questions as these are often asked, especially 2 those whose tax money is paying for space explorations. The answers to these questions are many and varied. Up to now, the practical benefits resulting 3 space research have included the development of new methods and skills, new processes, new services, new products, and even new companies created to make use of what 4 through space travel. Also among the benefits are better education (especially in scientific subjects), 5 management, higher quality of industrial products, and more rapid economic growth. People all over the world are now served by 6 weather predictions, better communication systems, and better understanding of the earth and its environment. Everyone will benefit 7 observations from space make it possible to measure the earth’s resources and 8 whether or not they are being used properly. 9 the space program will help our world deal with the problems of the environment. It has already brought a new appreciation of the complex system 10 man is only a part.
Directions: There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. Does walking on the moon make life better for people on earth 1 all the problems of our own world, why should we be spending huge sums on trips to outer space Such questions as these are often asked, especially 2 those whose tax money is paying for space explorations. The answers to these questions are many and varied. Up to now, the practical benefits resulting 3 space research have included the development of new methods and skills, new processes, new services, new products, and even new companies created to make use of what 4 through space travel. Also among the benefits are better education (especially in scientific subjects), 5 management, higher quality of industrial products, and more rapid economic growth. People all over the world are now served by 6 weather predictions, better communication systems, and better understanding of the earth and its environment. Everyone will benefit 7 observations from space make it possible to measure the earth’s resources and 8 whether or not they are being used properly. 9 the space program will help our world deal with the problems of the environment. It has already brought a new appreciation of the complex system 10 man is only a part.
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