In this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 21 and 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news. Which description is INCORRECT about the storm
A. It is nasty.
B. It is a surprise.
C. It is predicted.
D. It is deadly.
Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on your ANSWER SHEET. A scientist who wants to predict the way in which consumers will spend their money must study consumer behavior. He must obtain (31) both on resources of consumers and on the motives that (32) to encourage or discourage money spending. If an (33) were asked which of three groups borrow most—people with rising incomes, (34) incomes, or declining incomes—he would (35) answer: those with declining incomes. Actually, in the past, the answer was: people with rising incomes. People with declining incomes were next and people with stable incomes borrowed the (36) . This shows us that traditional (37) about earning and spending are not always (38) . Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect prices to go up, they will (39) to buy. If they expect prices to go down, they will postpone buying. (40) research surveys have shown that this is not always (41) The expectations of price increases may not stimulate buying. One (42) attitude was expressed by the wife of a mechanic at a time of rising prices. Her family had been planning to buy a new car but they postponed this purchase. (43) , the rise in prices that has already taken place may be resented and buyer’s resistance may be evoked. The (44) mentioned above was carried out in America. Investigations (45) at the same time in Great Britain, however, yielded results that were more (46) traditional assumptions about saving and spending patterns. The condition most contributive to spending (47) to be price stability. If prices have been stable and people consider that they are (48) , they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the common (49) policy of maintaining stable prices is based on a correct understanding of (50) psychology.
A. real
B. true
C. actual
D. genuine
In 1942 Allan R Holmberg, a doctoral student in anthropology from Yale University, USA, ventured deep into the jungle of Bolivian Amazonia and searched out an isolated band of Siriono Indians. The researcher described the primitive society as a desperate straggle for survival, a view of Amazonia being fundamentally reconsidered today.41. _______________The Siriono, Holmberg wrote, led a "strikingly backward" existence. Their villages were little more than clusters of thatched huts. Life itself was a perpetual and punishing search for food: some families grew manioc and other starchy crops in small garden plots cleared from the forest, while other members of the tribe scoured the country for small game and promising fish holes. When local resources became depleted, the tribe moved on. As for technology, Holmberg noted, the Siriono "may be classified among the most handicapped peoples of the world". Other than bows, arrows and crude digging sticks, the only tools the Siriono .seemed to possess were "two machetes worn to the size of pocket-knives".42. _______________Although the lives of the Siriono have changed in the intervening decades, the image of them as Stone Age relics has endured. To casual observers, as well as to influential natural scientists and regional planners, the luxuriant forests of Amazonia seem ageless, unconquerable, a habitat totally hostile to human civilization. The apparent simplicity of Indian ways of life has been judged an evolutionary adaptation to forest ecology, living proof that Amazonia could not—and cannot—sustain a more complex society. Archaeological traces of far more elaborate cultures have been dismissed as the ruins of invaders from outside the region, abandoned to decay in the uncompromising tropical environment.43. _______________The popular conception of Amazonia and its native residents would be enormously consequential if it were true. But the human history of Amazonia in the past 11,000 years betrays that view as myth. Evidence gathered in recent years from anthropology and archaeology indicates that the region has sup ported a series of indigenous cultures for eleven thousand years; an extensive network of complex societies—some with populations perhaps as large as 100,000—thrived there for more than 1,000 years before the arrival of Europeans. Far from being evolutionarily retarded, prehistoric Amazonian people developed technologies and cultures that were advanced for their time. If the lives of Indians today seem "primitive", the appearance is not the result of some environmental adaptation or ecological barrier; rather it is a comparatively recent adaptation to centuries of economic and political pressure.44. _______________The evidence for a revised view of Amazonia will take many people by surprise. Ecologists have assumed that tropical ecosystems were shaped entirely by natural forces and they have focused their re search on habitats they believe have escaped human influence. But as the University of Florida ecologist, Peter Feinsinger, has noted, an approach that leaves people out of the equation is no longer ten able. The archaeological evidence shows that the natural history of Amazonia is to a surprising extent tied to the activities of its prehistoric inhabitants.45. _______________The realization comes none too soon. In June 1992 political and environmental leaders from across the world met in Rio de Janeiro to discuss how developing countries can advance their economies with out destroying their natural resources. The challenge is especially difficult in Amazonia. Because the tropical forest has been depicted as ecologically unfit for large-scale human occupation, some environ mentalists have opposed development of any kind. Ironically, one major casualty of that extreme position has been the environment itself. While policy makers struggle to define and implement appropriate legislation, development of the most destructive kind has continued apace over vast areas.The other major casualty of the "naturalism" of environmental scientists has been the indigenous Amazonians, whose habits of hunting, fishing, and slash-and-burn cultivation often have been represented as harmful to the habitat. In the clash between environmentalists and developers, the Indians have suffered the most. The new understanding of the pre-history of Amazonia, however, points to ward a middle ground. Archaeology makes clear that with judicious management selected parts of the region could support more people than anyone thought before. The long-buried past, it seems, offers hope for the future.[A] Assumed inhospitableness to .social development[B] Price paid for misconceptions[C] Evolutionary adaptation to forest ecology[D] False believes revised[E] Extreme impoverishment and backwardness[F] Ignorance of early human impact 42