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[背景] 沿海地区某住宅工程，地下水对钢筋混凝土结构有侵蚀作用。该工程由4栋地上12层，地下1层，结构形式完全相同的单体组成，其中地下室为整体地下室，四个单体及单体间空地均有地下部分。 施工单位上报施工组织设计中，所有混凝土均采用预拌商品混凝土，水泥采用普通硅酸盐水泥；零星砌筑及抹灰用砂浆现场拌制；屋面设计为不上人屋面，炉渣保温后细石混凝土封面找坡，最上层敷设SBS卷材防水层一道。 是年8月16日，监理例行检查时发现现场砌筑用水泥出厂日期为5月10日，监理工程师认为此批水泥已过期下令将此批水泥清退出场。 同时发现顶层墙体混凝土结构外观质量存在严重缺陷，经检查该部位混凝土其他质量控制资料，对结构安全不造成影响，同意对现浇结构分项予以验收；检查屋顶做法时，发现防水基层不干燥，经请示总监理工程师并征得业主同意后，下令防水施工停工整改。 简述防水层铺设前，基层的干燥程度简易检验方法。
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All Sumerian cities recognized a number of gods in common, including the sky god, the lord of storms, and the morning and evening star. (1)_____ the Sumerian worshipped the goddess of fertility, love, and war, she was evidently lower (2)_____ status than the male gods, indicating that in a more urbanized society the (3)_____ that the peoples of previous times had paid to the earth mother goddess had (4)_____. The gods seemed hopelessly violent and (5)_____, and one"s life a period of slavery at their easy will. The epic poem The Creation emphasizes that (6)_____ were created to enable the gods to (7)_____ up working. Each city moreover had its own god, who was considered to (8)_____ the temple literally and who was in theory the owner of all property within the city. (9)_____ the priests who interpreted the will of the god and controlled the (10)_____ of the economic produce of the city were favored (11)_____ their supernatural and material functions (12)_____. When, after 3000 B.C., growing warfare among the cities made military leadership (13)_____, the head of the army who became king assumed a(n) (14)_____ position between the god, whose agent he was, and the priestly class, whom he had both to use and to (15)_____. Thus king and priests represented the upper class in a hierarchical society. (16)_____ them were the scribes, the secular attendants of the temple, who (17)_____ every aspect of the city"s economic life and who developed a rough judicial system. (18)_____ the temple officials, society was divided among an elite or (19)_____ group of large landowners and military leaders; a mixed group of merchants, artisans, and craftsmen, free peasants who (20)_____ the majority of the population; and slaves.
[背景] 某写字楼建设项目，建设单位与施工单位签订土建和装饰装修施工合同，建设单位委托监理单位对该工程土建施工和装饰装修进行工程监理。在该工程装饰装修过程中发生了如下事件： 事件一：装饰装修合同中规定5000m2的花岗石石材由建设单位指定厂家，施工单位负责采购。当第一批石材运到工地时，施工单位认为：由建设单位指定用的石材，在检查产品合格证后即可用于工程；而监理工程师认为必须进行石材放射性检测。经抽样检验发现石材质量不合格。 事件二：为了赶工期和避免人员窝工，在屋面防水工程、室内轻质隔墙、安装管道和电气管线敷设、专业工程预埋件、预留空洞还未完工之前，施工单位就进行了室内抹灰、吊顶、裱糊、饰面板工程施工。 事件三：该写字楼外墙采用隐框玻璃幕墙，幕墙与主体结构采用后置埋件连接，因为幕墙构造需要，在填充墙上也采用后置埋件连接。在施工前，施工单位在现场室内混凝土构件上埋置了两块后置埋件，并委托施工单位直属的有专业检测资质的检测中心对这两块后置埋件进行了检测，作为后置埋件检测的依据。 事件四：在玻璃幕墙安装完毕后，由施工单位委托具备相应资质的检测机构对幕墙进行了“三性试验”检测，符合规范要求，于是对该幕墙工程施工质量进行了合格验收。 事件二中，施工单位的施工程序是否正确说明理由或给出正确做法。
The entertainment industry and technology companies have been warring for years over the dazzling ability of computers and the Internet to copy and transmit music and movies. A crucial battle ended this week with a ruling by America"s Supreme Court in favour of copyright holder and against two companies that distribute peer-to-peer (P2P) software, which lets users share files online with others. The court"s decision, though ostensibly a victory for content providers, is nevertheless unlikely to stamp out file sharing—much of which will continue from outside America—or stop the technological innovation that is threatening the current business models of media firms. The court was asked to decide whether two firms, Grokster and StreamCast, were liable for copyright infringement by their customers. Two lower courts had said that the firms were not liable, citing a 1984 ruling in favour of Sony"s Betamax video recorder. This held that a technology firm is immune from liability so long as the device concerned is "capable of substantial noninfringing uses". The court did not reinterpret the 1984 decision in light of the Internet. Instead the justices ruled that the case raised a far narrower issue: whether Grokster and StreamCast induced users to violate copyrights and chose not to take the simple steps available to prevent it. Such behaviour would make the firms clearly liable for copyright infringement and end their immunity, even under the Betamax standard. The court reasoned that there were sufficient grounds to believe that inducement occurred, and sent the case back to lower courts for trial. Although the Grokster decision will probably not squelch innovation as much as many tech firms fear, it should certainly make IT and electronics firms more cautious about how they market their products—and quite right, too. But the Supreme Court"s narrow ruling makes this unlikely—indeed, the justices noted the technology"s widespread legitimate use. Yet their decision will surely embolden the entertainment industry to pursue in court any firms that they can claim knowingly allow infringement. This could kill off some small innovative start-ups. On the other hand, the ruling could also provide legal cover for tech firms with the wit to plaster their products with warnings not to violate the law. But judged from a long-term perspective, this week"s victory for copyright holders seems likely to prove a Pyrrhic one. The Internet and file sharing are disruptive technologies that give consumers vastly more ability to use all sorts of media content, copyrighted or not. Surely entertainment firms must devise ways to use this technology to sell their wares that will also allow copyright to be protected. So long as technology continues to evolve in ways that enable legitimate content sharing, piracy will also probably continue to some degree. Happily, in this case the piracy seems to have prompted content fir-rug to compete by offering better fee-based services. The challenge for content providers is to use new technology to create value for customers, and to make those who use content illegally feel bad about it. The Grokster decision was based on the evidence that Grokster
[背景] 沿海地区某住宅工程，地下水对钢筋混凝土结构有侵蚀作用。该工程由4栋地上12层，地下1层，结构形式完全相同的单体组成，其中地下室为整体地下室，四个单体及单体间空地均有地下部分。 施工单位上报施工组织设计中，所有混凝土均采用预拌商品混凝土，水泥采用普通硅酸盐水泥；零星砌筑及抹灰用砂浆现场拌制；屋面设计为不上人屋面，炉渣保温后细石混凝土封面找坡，最上层敷设SBS卷材防水层一道。 是年8月16日，监理例行检查时发现现场砌筑用水泥出厂日期为5月10日，监理工程师认为此批水泥已过期下令将此批水泥清退出场。 同时发现顶层墙体混凝土结构外观质量存在严重缺陷，经检查该部位混凝土其他质量控制资料，对结构安全不造成影响，同意对现浇结构分项予以验收；检查屋顶做法时，发现防水基层不干燥，经请示总监理工程师并征得业主同意后，下令防水施工停工整改。 监理工程师判定此批水泥过期失效并清退出场是否合理并简述理由或正确做法。
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