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What Is Anthrax(炭疽)There’s been a lot of talk about anthrax on the news lately. Some people are worried that anthrax may be connected to terrorist attacks or that terrorists may spread the germ that (51) the disease. Federal officials and police are investigating this and taking (52) to protect us.In the meantime, it’s important not to panic over anthrax. The chances that you and your Family (53) at risk are very tiny. One of the ways you can feel better is to learn about anthrax. When you know what it is and (54) you can get it, it doesn’t seem quite as scary.So, what (55) is anthraxHere are the facts on anthrax：Anthrax is a bacterial infection caused by a germ Although it’s most common in farm (56) , like sheep, COWS, pigs, horses, and goats, there’s a very small chance that people can get it, too, Anthrax spores(孢子)(a version of the germ in a protective shell that can live in the soil for years)cause the disease. People may get anthrax if they are exposed to anthrax (57) But here’s the important part：just being exposed to these spores doesn’t mean that a person will get (58) .For a person to get sick, he would have to breathe in thousands of these spores all the way Into his (59) . Or he’d have to eat meat contaminated with anthrax or handle (60) that has anthrax spores This may sound scary,but even when a person comes (61) contact with the spores, it’s unlikely that he’ll get sick. (62) the bacteria do not get into the skin, digestive tract, or lung, the disease won’t develop. Anthrax is not spread from person to person the way the flu can spread from family member to (63) member or classmate to classmate Anthrax can almost always be successfully treated with antibiotics(抗生素). Anthrax is very rare. Until recently, anthrax wasn’t even talked about because it was so rare-and it still (64) !Even with all of the anthrax cases you are hearing about right now, a person’s chances of getting anthrax are about the (65) as they were before you heard about anthrax on the news very, very low 52（）
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[A] What route does HIV take after it enters the body to destroy the immune system[B] How and when did the long-standing belief concerning AIDS and HIV crop up[C] What is the most effective anti-HIV therapy[D] How does HIV subvert the immune system[E] In the absence of a vaccine, how can HIV be stopped[F] Why does AIDS predispose infected persons to certain types of cancer and infectionsIn the 20 years since the first cases of AIDS were detected, scientists say they have learned more about this viral disease than any other.Yet Peter Piot, who directs the United Nations AIDS program, and Stefano Vella of Rome, president of the International AIDS Society, and other experts say reviewing unanswered questions could prove useful as a measure of progress for AIDS and other diseases.Among the important broader scientific questions that remain:41. __________.A long-standing belief is that cancer cells constantly develop and are held in check by a healthy immune system. But AIDS has challenged that belief. People with AIDS are much more prone to certain cancers like non-Hodgkins lymphomas and Kaposi’s sarcoms, but not to breast, colon and lung, the most common cancers in the United States. This pattern suggests that an impaired immune system, at least the type that occurs in AIDS, does not allow common cancers to develop.42. __________.When HIV is transmitted sexually, the virus must cross a tissue barrier to enter the body. How that happens is still unclear. The virus might invade directly or be carried by a series of different kinds of cells.Eventually HIV travels through lymph vessels to lymph nodes and the rest of the lymph system. But what is not known is how the virus proceeds to destroy the body’s CD-4 cells that are needed to combat invading infectious agents.43. __________.Although HIV kills the immune cells sent to kill the virus, there is widespread variation in the rate at which HIV infected people become ill with AIDS. So scientists ask. Can the elements of the immune system responsible for that variability be identified If so, can they be used to stop progression to AIDS in infected individuals and possibly prevent infection in the first place44. __________.In theory, early treatment should offer the best chance of preserving immune function. But the new drugs do not completely eliminate HIV from the body so the medicines, which can have dangerous side effects, will have to be taken for a lifetime and perhaps changed to combat resistance. The new policy is expected to recommend that treatment be deferred until there are signs the immune system is weakening.Is a vaccine possibleThere is little question that an effective vaccine is crucial to controlling the epidemic. Yet only one has reached the stage of full testing, and there is wide controversy over the degree of protection it will provide. HIV strains that are transmitted in various areas of the world differ genetically. It is not known whether a vaccine derived from one type of HIV will confer protection against other types.45. __________.Without more incisive, focused behavioral research, prevention messages alone will not put an end to the global epidemic. 43
When anyone opens a current account at a bank, he is lending the bank money. He may (1) the repayment of the money at any time, either (2) cash or by drawing a check in favor of another person. (3) , the banker-customer relationship is that of debtor and creditor who is (4) depending on whether the customer’s account is (5) credit or is overdrawn. But, in (6) to that basically simple concept, the bank and its customer (7) a large number of obligations to one another. Many of these obligations can give (8) to problems and complications but a bank customer, unlike, say, a buyer of goods, cannot complain that the law is (9) against him.The bank must (10) its customer’s instructions, and not those of anyone else. (11) , for example, a customer opens an account, he instructs the bank to debit his account only in (12) of checks drawn by himself. He gives the bank (13) of his signature, and there is a very firm rule that the bank has no right or (14) to pay out a customer’s money (15) a check on which its customer’s signature has been (16) It makes no difference that the forgery may have been a very (17) one: the bank must recognize its customer’s signature. For this reason there is no (18) to the customer in the practice, (19) by banks, of printing the customer’s name on his checks. If this (20) Forgery, it is the bank that will lose, not the customer. (254 words) 1（）
Directions: There are five reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions. For each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET I.Passage One America is a country on the move. In unheard of numbers, people of all ages are exercising their way to better health. According to the latest figures, 59 percent of American adults exercise regularly-up 12 percent from just two years ago and more than double the figure of 25 years ago. Even non-exercisers believe they would be more attractive and confident if they were more active. It is hard not to get the message. The virtues of physical fitness are shown on magazine covers, postage stamps, and television ads for everything from beauty soaps to travel books. Exercise as a part of daily life did not catch on until the late 1960s when research by military doctors began to show the health benefits of doing regular physical exercises. Growing publicity (宣传) for races held in American cities helped fuel a strong interest in the ancient sport of running. Although running has leveled off in recent years as Americans have discovered equally rewarding and sometimes safer forms of exercise, such as walking and swimming, running remain the most popular forms of exercise. As the popularity of exercise continues to mount, so does scientific evidence of its health benefits. The key to fitness is exercising the major muscle groups vigorously (强有力地) enough to approximately double the heart rate and keep it doubled for 20 to 30 minutes at a time. Doing such physical exercises three times of more a week will produce considerable improvements in physical health in about three months. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase" leveled off" (para. 2, Line 6)（）
Karl Von Linne (or Linnaeus, as he is widely known) was a Swedish biologist who devised the system of Latinised scientific names for living things that biologists use to this day. When he came to (1) people into his system, he put them into a group called Homo- and Linne ’ s hairless fellow humans are still known biologically as Homo sapiens. (2) the group originally had a second member, Homo troglodytes. It lived in Africa, and the pictures show it to be covered (3) hair.Modern (4) are not as generous as Linne in welcoming other species into Man’s lofty (5) ,and the chimpanzee is now referred to (6) Pan troglodytes. But Pan or Homo, there is no (7) that chimps are humans’ nearest living relatives, and that if the secrets of what makes humanity special are ever to be (8) , understanding why chimps are not people, nor people chimps, is a crucial part of the process. That, in turn, means looking at the DNA of the two species, (9) it is here that the (10) must originate.One half of the puzzle has been (11) for several years: the human genome was published in 2001. The second has now been added, with the announcement in this week’s Nature (12) the chimpanzee genome has been sequenced as well. For those expecting (13) answers to age-old questions (14) , the publication of the chimp genome may be something of an (15) . There are no immediately obvious genes-present in one, but not the other-that account for such characteristic human (16) as intelligence or even hairlessness. And (17) there is a gene connected with language, known as FOXP2, it had already been discovered. But although the preliminary comparison of the two genomes (18) by the members of the Chimpanzee Sequencing and Analyssis Consortium, the multinational team that generated the sequence, did not (19) any obvious nuggets of genetic gold, it does at least show where to look for (20) . Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.7（）
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