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第2篇 Doubtful Ways to Reduce and Increase Your Weight You hear this: "No wonder you are fat. All you ever do is eat. " You feel sad: "I skip my breakfast and supper. I run every morning and evening. What else can I do" Basically you can do nothing. Your genes, not your life habits, determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it. Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that, "80 percent of the children of two obese (肥胖的) parents become obese, as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight. " How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting Well, dieting can be effective, but the health costs are tremendous. Jules Hirsch, a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people. They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day. After more than 10 weeks, the subjects lost 45ka on average. But after leaving the hospital, they all regained weight. The results were surprising: by metabolic (新陈代谢)measurement, fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving. They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet. They were anxious and depressed; some were suicidal. They hid food in their rooms. Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn’t result in normal weight, but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people. Thin people, however, suffer from the opposite. They have to make a great effort to gain weight. Ethan Sims, of the University of Vermont, got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight. In four to six months, they ate as much as they could. They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended they were back to normal weight and stayed there. This does not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight. It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly baffle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight. The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true -- each person has a comfortable weight range. The range might be as much as 9kg. Someone might weigh 60-69kg without too much effort. But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult. The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks. What determines your weight
` 请在“考试项目”菜单上选择“字处理软件使用”菜单项，完成以下内容。 ******本题型共有2小题****** 1．在考生文件夹中，存有文档WT4.DOC，其内容如下。【文档开始】 信息安全影响我国进入电子社会 随着网络经济和网络社会时代的到来，我国的军事、经济、社会、文化各方面都越来越依赖于网络。与此同时，电脑网络上出现利用网络盗用他人账号上网，窃取科技、经济情报，进行经济犯罪等电子攻击现象。 今年春天，我国有人利用新闻组中查到的普通技术手段，轻而易举地从多个商业站点窃取到8万个信用卡号和密码，并以6万元出售。【文档结束】 按要求完成下列操作： (1)将文中所有“电脑”替换为“计算机”，将标题段(“信息安全影响我国进入电子社会”)设置为三号黑体、红色、倾斜、居中、加阴影并添加蓝色底纹。 (2)将正文各段文字设置为五号楷体，各段落左右各缩进1厘米，首行缩进0.8厘米，1.5倍行距，段前间距16磅。完成后以原文件名保存。 2．在考生文件夹中，存有文档WT4A.DOC如下： 【文档开始】 五(三)班考试成绩 姓名 计算机原理 高等数学 汇编语言 计算机网格技术 刘学峰 65 94 88 78 陈平 56 67 68 75 张路 78 47 56 78 葛林 85 86 86 67 【文档结束】 按要求完成下列操作： 将表格上端的标题文字设置成三号楷体、加粗、居中，将表格中的文字设置成小四号宋体，水平和垂直居中，数字设置成小四号、Times New Roman体、加粗、垂直居中、右对齐。按原文件名保存。
Almost every family buys at least one copy of a newspaper every day. Some people subscribe (订阅) to as many as two or three newspapers. But why do people read newspapersFive hundred years ago, news of important happenings-battles lost and won, kings or rulers overthrown (推翻) or killed-took months and even years to travel from one country to another. The news was passed by word of mouth and was never accurate. Today we can read in our newspapers of important events that occur in far away countries on the same day they happen.Apart from supplying news from all over the world, newspapers give us a lot of other useful information. There are weather reports, radio, television and film guides, book reviews, stories and, of course, advertisements. The bigger ones are put in by large companies to bring attention to their products. They pay the newspapers thousands of dollars for the advertising space, but it is worth the money, for news of their products goes into almost every home in the country. For those who produce newspapers, advertisements are also very important. Money earned from advertisements makes it possible for them to sell their newspapers at a low price and still make a profit.Newspapers often have information on gardening, cooking and fashion as well as a small but very popular section on jokes and cartoons (漫画). The section on jokes and cartoons is().
第3篇 Shaming Punishments Last month, James Connolly, a junior at the University of Massachusetts, stood in front of a local police station wearing a toga (长袍) as punishment. His crime He was charged with underage drinking, illegal possession of alcohol and excessive noise while holding a party. This shaming punishment has increased in the US in recent years, mostly imposed by local judges for less serious crimes, such as drunk driving and theft. They believe shame is the best petty crime deterrent (威慑). For example, in Tennessee, Judge James McKenzie has made shoplifters (商店货物扒手) stand outside Wal-Mart with signs that read, "I am a thief put here by order of Judge McKenzie", "Alternative punishments like community service and fines don’t convey moral condemnation (谴责) of the criminal. "said Dan Kahan, a University of Chicago Law School professor, in an article published on the university’s website. "They aren’t shameful enough." Shaming punishments are sometimes called Scarlet (红色的) Letter punishments. The name comes from US author Nathaniel Hawthorne’s 1850 novel The Scarlet Letter. In this novel, a woman is forced to wear a scarlet "A" on her clothes as punishment for her adultery (通奸). However, University of Iowa law professor Andrew Hosmanek said there is an important difference between the shaming punishments of colonial America and those assigned in states like Tennessee. "Early societies often had are acceptance ceremony to welcome the offender back into main society. " says Hosmanek. "Contemporary punishments in America lack this. " Supporters of shaming punishment argue that public shaming is a good way of expressing community values. Some judges say shamed offenders seldom repeat their crimes. Others aren’t so sure. "There is little evidence to suggest that shaming punishments are successful in preventing people from committing specific crimes. And a shamed criminal may face a hard battle to regain credibility in society. "said Hosmanek. "So, a shaming punishment may force the offender into more crimes to support himself. " Experts also debate shaming punishment’s damage to human dignity. "Since the point is to shame, it’s of course degrading (侮辱人格的). " said Linda Malone, director of the Human Rights and National Security Law Programme at William and Mary Law School. "US law only prohibits punishment that is ’cruel and unusual’- not ’inhuman and degrading’. It’s very difficult for a thief to prove that holding a sign in front of Wal-Mart is ’cruel and unusual’. \ The word "suggest’ in Paragraph 9 could be best replaced by ______.
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