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Interest is steadily spreading from a minority of enthusiasts in developing renewable sources of energy--wind, wave and solar power, tidal and geothermal energy. Additional support for them has come with a proposal to explore the untapped sources of hydroelectric power in Scotland. The details are presented by Mr. William Manser in a study called "The Case for an Inquiry into Hydroelectric Generation in the North of Scotland". He calls for an expert committee to look at the developments possible for hydroelectric sites and, more important, for means of financing them There is a clear industrial connection in Mr. Manser’s study because it was done for the Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors; hydroelectric schemes, by definition, have a large civil engineering component in them. Mr. Manser estimates that wind power could theoretically provide more than 7 percent of electricity supply in the United Kingdom if suitable sites for generators could be found. However, the practical supply of wind power generation is not likely to be understood until 1990. The best developed and most suitable form of renewable energy is in his view, hydropower. The technology has been developed over centuries and is still progressing. At present it is the cheapest form of electricity generation. Mr. Manser examined past surveys of the north of Scotland and identified several as suitable for hydroelectric generation. Those are in the remote areas, usually of great natural beauty. But Mr. Manser says a well-designed dam can be impressive in itself. It is also possible to make installations possible, to the point of burying parts of them. Hydro generation involves no water pollution, or smoke creation. The main trouble, it appears from his report, is financing an undertaking which has a heavy initial capital cost, and very low running cost. However, Mr. Manser does not see that as an unfamiliar position for the electricity industry. He cites the proposed construction of the new nuclear power station at Sizewell in Suffolk, which will have a high initial capital cost. The argument at Sizewell that the reason for the expenditure is that the capital will provide a benefit in lower costs and higher returns in the long term, applies equally to hydroelectric generation. What does Manser think about wind power in the U.K.
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Raising Wise Consumers Almost anyone with a profit motive is marketing to innocents. Help your kids understand it’s OK not to have it all. Here are five strategies for raising wise consumers. 1. Lead by example While you may know that TV commercials stimulate desire for consumer goods, you’ll have a hard time selling your kids on the virtues of turning off the tube if you structure your own days around the latest sitcom (情景喜剧) or reality show. The same principle applies to money matters. It does no good to lecture your kids about spending, saving and sharing when doing out their pocket money if you spend every free weekend afternoon at the mall. If you suspect your own spending habits are out of whack, consider what financial advisor Nathan Dungan says in his book Wasteful Sons and Material Girls: How Not to Be Your Child’s ATM. "In teaching your child about money, few issues are as critical as your own regular consumer decisions," he writes. "In the coming weeks, challenge yourself to say no to yore" own wants and to opt for less expensive options." 2. Encourage critical thinking With children under six or seven, start by telling them, "Don’t believe everything you see," says Linda Millar, vice-president of Education for Concerned Children’s Advertisers, a nonprofit group of 26 Canadian companies helping children and their families by media--and life--wise. Show them examples of false or exaggerated advertising claims, such as a breakfast cereal (谷类) making you bigger and stronger. Shari Graydon, a media educator and past president of MediaWatch, suggests introducing children to the "marketing that doesn’t show"--the mascots (吉祥物) and web-sites that strengthen brand loyalty, the trading toys that cause must-have-it fever and the celebrity endorsements (代言). "Explain that advertisers pay millions of dollars for celebrities to endorse a product, and that the people who buy the product end up sharing the cost," she says. 3. Supervise with sensitivity According to a survey conducted by the Media Awareness Network in 2001, nearly 70 per cent of children say parents never sit with them while they surf the Net and more than half say parents never check where they’ve been online. The states for TV habits paint a similar picture. A 2003 Canadian Teachers’ Federation study of children’s media habits found that roughly 30 per cent of children in Years Three to Six claim that no adult has input into their selection of TV shows; by Year Eight, the figure rises to about 60 per cent. "Research suggests that kids benefit more from having parents watch with them than having their viewing time limited," says Graydon, noting that many children have TV sets in their bedrooms, which effectively free them from parental supervision. And what exactly does "supervision" mean "’Rather than ridiculing your child’s favorite show, game or web-site, which will only create distance between you, you can explain why certain media messages conflict with the values you’d like to develop in your child," Graydon says. If you’re put off by coarse language in a TV show, tell your child that hearing such language sends the (false) message that this is the way most people communicate when under stress. If violence in a computer game disturbs you, point out that a steady diet of onscreen violence can weaken sensitivity towards real-life violence. "And when you do watch a show together," adds Graydon, "discuss some of the hidden messages, both good and bad." 4. Say no without guilt I’m not proud to admit it, but when Tara asked me if I could take her shopping, I ended up saying yes. More precisely, I told her that if she continued to work hard and do well in school, I would take her over the school holidays. The holidays have now passed and I still haven’t taken her, but I have no doubt she’ll remind me of it soon enough. When I do take her, I intend to set firm limits (both on the price and the clothing items) before we walk into the store. Still, I wonder why I gave in so quickly to Tara’s request. Author Thompson says that my status as a baby boomer may provide a clue. "We boomer parents spring from a consumer culture in which having the right sttfff helps you fit in," she explains. "Our research has shown that even parents in poor homes will buy Game Boys over necessities." In fact, 68 per cent of pa-rents routinely give in to their kids’ requests. To counteract this tendency, Graydon says parents have to "lean% or relearn, how to say no." And what if the child calls you a miser or reminds you that her best friend has four Barbies (芭比娃娃) and she doesn’t even have one Graydon suggests practicing this mantra (祷文): "We create our own family rules according to our own family values. We create our own family rules according to our own family values. We create..." 5. Offer alternatives As parents know, saying "You can’t have that" only intensifies a kid’s desire for whatever "that" is. Rather than arbitrarily restricting their TV or computer time to protect them from media influence, Jeff Derevensky, a professor of applied child psychology at McGill University, suggests creating a list of mutually acceptable alternatives. "If you want to encourage your children to build towers or play board games, be prepared to participate," he says. "Many kids will do these activities with their parents but not with other kids." Miranda Hughes, a part-time physician and mother of four, fills her home with such basics as colored pencils and paints, craft materials, board and card games, building toys, a piano with the lid permanently open, sheet music and books of all kinds. "I also offer my own time whenever possible," she says. Although Hughes has a television in her house, "complete with 150 channels," she says her kids watch only about an hour a week. "I haven’t had to implement any rules about TV or computer use," she says. "There’s usually something else my kids would rather be doing.\ The author promised to take her daughter Tara to ______ if she could do well at school.
案例分析题Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Teddy bears have been around since 1902. The teddy bear came to being when President Theodore Roosevelt refused to shoot a black bear held captive (俘虏) by his hunting party. Also worth noting is that President Roosevelt’s refusal to (47) this captive bear became a very popular political cartoon by Cliff Barryman.A Brooklyn shopkeeper was (48) by the cartoon. The shopkeeper then asked President Roosevelt for (49) to name a toy bear "Teddy", the nickname of "Theodore". Thus became the creation of the teddy bear.It is also worth (50) that the teddy bear was born in Germany between 1902 and 1903.The first teddy bears did not have lovely faces or smiles, in fact, the first teddy bears had expressions which could best be described as (51) Teddy bears were also quite stiff, the (52) arms and legs and soft, plush (毛绒的) bodies came much later.Now teddy bears are still the number one item to give babies as their first toy, the prize to win your girl on your first date, and most (53) , the toy of choice for law enforcement to give to children in sad, unsafe situations to help them calm down and feel safe.A collectible teddy bear is very different than the typical store bought teddy that you might give a child. The market for collectible teddy bears has seen significant (54) in the last several years. The industry (55) collectible teddy bears as hard, not floppy, and hilly jointed (meaning arms, legs, and head are moveable.. The artists however, also determine the value of collectibles. For example, Steiff teddy bears and others have a very high collectible (56) 48（）
Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors (流星) but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts (67) our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is (68) for plants to make the food (69) we eat. Heat, too, makes our environment endurable. Various kinds of rays (70) through the air from outer space, (71) enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are (72) off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are (73) to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, (74) they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage. Radiation is the greatest known (75) to explorers in space. The unit of radiation is called "rein (雷姆)". Scientists (76) reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation (77) 0.1 rem without being damaged; the figure of 60 rems has been agreed on. The trouble is that it is extremely (78) to be sure about radiation damage-a person may feel perfectly well, but the (79) of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will not be discovered (80) the birth, of deformed children or even grandchildren. Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high amount of reins. So far, no dangerous amounts of radiation have been (81) , but the Apollo missions have been quite (82) . We simply do not know yet how men are going to get on when they (83) weeks and months outside the (84) of the atmosphere, working in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to (85) the damage done by radiation, but no really (86) ones have been found so far.
Raising Wise Consumers Almost anyone with a profit motive is marketing to innocents. Help your kids understand it’s OK not to have it all. Here are five strategies for raising wise consumers. 1. Lead by example While you may know that TV commercials stimulate desire for consumer goods, you’ll have a hard time selling your kids on the virtues of turning off the tube if you structure your own days around the latest sitcom (情景喜剧) or reality show. The same principle applies to money matters. It does no good to lecture your kids about spending, saving and sharing when doing out their pocket money if you spend every free weekend afternoon at the mall. If you suspect your own spending habits are out of whack, consider what financial advisor Nathan Dungan says in his book Wasteful Sons and Material Girls: How Not to Be Your Child’s ATM. "In teaching your child about money, few issues are as critical as your own regular consumer decisions," he writes. "In the coming weeks, challenge yourself to say no to yore" own wants and to opt for less expensive options." 2. Encourage critical thinking With children under six or seven, start by telling them, "Don’t believe everything you see," says Linda Millar, vice-president of Education for Concerned Children’s Advertisers, a nonprofit group of 26 Canadian companies helping children and their families by media--and life--wise. Show them examples of false or exaggerated advertising claims, such as a breakfast cereal (谷类) making you bigger and stronger. Shari Graydon, a media educator and past president of MediaWatch, suggests introducing children to the "marketing that doesn’t show"--the mascots (吉祥物) and web-sites that strengthen brand loyalty, the trading toys that cause must-have-it fever and the celebrity endorsements (代言). "Explain that advertisers pay millions of dollars for celebrities to endorse a product, and that the people who buy the product end up sharing the cost," she says. 3. Supervise with sensitivity According to a survey conducted by the Media Awareness Network in 2001, nearly 70 per cent of children say parents never sit with them while they surf the Net and more than half say parents never check where they’ve been online. The states for TV habits paint a similar picture. A 2003 Canadian Teachers’ Federation study of children’s media habits found that roughly 30 per cent of children in Years Three to Six claim that no adult has input into their selection of TV shows; by Year Eight, the figure rises to about 60 per cent. "Research suggests that kids benefit more from having parents watch with them than having their viewing time limited," says Graydon, noting that many children have TV sets in their bedrooms, which effectively free them from parental supervision. And what exactly does "supervision" mean "’Rather than ridiculing your child’s favorite show, game or web-site, which will only create distance between you, you can explain why certain media messages conflict with the values you’d like to develop in your child," Graydon says. If you’re put off by coarse language in a TV show, tell your child that hearing such language sends the (false) message that this is the way most people communicate when under stress. If violence in a computer game disturbs you, point out that a steady diet of onscreen violence can weaken sensitivity towards real-life violence. "And when you do watch a show together," adds Graydon, "discuss some of the hidden messages, both good and bad." 4. Say no without guilt I’m not proud to admit it, but when Tara asked me if I could take her shopping, I ended up saying yes. More precisely, I told her that if she continued to work hard and do well in school, I would take her over the school holidays. The holidays have now passed and I still haven’t taken her, but I have no doubt she’ll remind me of it soon enough. When I do take her, I intend to set firm limits (both on the price and the clothing items) before we walk into the store. Still, I wonder why I gave in so quickly to Tara’s request. Author Thompson says that my status as a baby boomer may provide a clue. "We boomer parents spring from a consumer culture in which having the right sttfff helps you fit in," she explains. "Our research has shown that even parents in poor homes will buy Game Boys over necessities." In fact, 68 per cent of pa-rents routinely give in to their kids’ requests. To counteract this tendency, Graydon says parents have to "lean% or relearn, how to say no." And what if the child calls you a miser or reminds you that her best friend has four Barbies (芭比娃娃) and she doesn’t even have one Graydon suggests practicing this mantra (祷文): "We create our own family rules according to our own family values. We create our own family rules according to our own family values. We create..." 5. Offer alternatives As parents know, saying "You can’t have that" only intensifies a kid’s desire for whatever "that" is. Rather than arbitrarily restricting their TV or computer time to protect them from media influence, Jeff Derevensky, a professor of applied child psychology at McGill University, suggests creating a list of mutually acceptable alternatives. "If you want to encourage your children to build towers or play board games, be prepared to participate," he says. "Many kids will do these activities with their parents but not with other kids." Miranda Hughes, a part-time physician and mother of four, fills her home with such basics as colored pencils and paints, craft materials, board and card games, building toys, a piano with the lid permanently open, sheet music and books of all kinds. "I also offer my own time whenever possible," she says. Although Hughes has a television in her house, "complete with 150 channels," she says her kids watch only about an hour a week. "I haven’t had to implement any rules about TV or computer use," she says. "There’s usually something else my kids would rather be doing.\ It is believed by the ______ , who were born in a consumer culture, that having the right stuff helps one fit in.
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