题目内容
Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage. What’s the main idea of the passage
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Traditional network layer packet forwarding relies on the information provided by network layer（1） protocols, or static routing, to make an independent（2） decisions at each hop within thenetwork. The forwarding （3）is based solely on the destination（4） IP address. All packets for thesame destination follow the same path across the network if no other equal-cost paths exist.Whenever a router has two equal-cost （5）toward a destination, the packets toward the destinationmight take one or both of them, resulting in some degree of load sharing. （1）是（）
A management domain typically contains a large amount of management information. Each individual item of（1）information is an instance of a managed object type. The definition of arelated set of managed （2）types is contained in a Management Information Base(MIB) module. Many such MIB modules are defined. For each managed object type it describes, a MIB（3）defines not only the semantics and syntax of that managed object type, but also the method ofidentifying an individual instance so that multiple （4） of the same managed object type can bedistinguished. Typically, there are instances of each managed object（5） within a managementdomain. （2）是（）
Both bus and tree topologies are characterized by the use of multipoint （1）. For the bus, all stations attach, through appropriate hardware （2）known as a tap, directly to alinear transmission medium, or bus. Full-duplex operation between the station and the tap allowsdata to be transmitted onto the bus and received from the （3）. A transmission from anystation propagates the length of the medium in both directions and can be received by all other（4）. At each end of the bus is a （5）, which absorbs any signal, removing it from thebus. （2）是（）
An internet is a combination of networks connected by （1）. When a datagram goes from a source to a （2）, it will probably pass many （3） until it reaches the routerattached to the destination network. A router receives a （4）from a network and passes it toanother network. A router is usually attached to several networks. When it receives a packet, towhich network should it pass the packet The decision is based on optimization: Which of theavailable（5） is the optimum pathway （2）是（）
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