设向量组(Ⅰ):α1,α2,…,αs的秩为r1,向量组(Ⅱ):β1,β2,…,βs的秩为r2,且向量组(Ⅱ)可由向量组(Ⅰ)线性表示,则( ).
A. α1+β1,α2+β2,…,αs+βs的秩为r1+r2
B. 向量组α1一β1,α2一β2,…,αs一βs的秩为r1一r2
C. 向量组α1,α2,…,αs,β1,β2,…,βs的秩为r1+r2
D. 向量组α1,α2,…,αs,β1,β2,…,βs的秩为r1
Difficult to Have Hard DiscoveriesIf there is one thing scientists have to hear, it is that the game is over. Raised on the belief of an endless voyage of discovery, they recoil (畏缩) from the suggestion that most of the best things have already been located. If they have, today"s scientists can hope to contribute no more than a few grace notes to the symphony of science.A book to be published in Britain this week,The End of Science, argues persuasively that this is the case. Its author, John Horgan, is a senior writer forScientific American magazine, who has interviewed many of today"s leading scientists and science philosophers. The shock of realizing that science might be over came to him, he says, when he was talking to Oxford mathematician and physicist Sir Roger Penrose.The End of Scienceprovoked a wave of denunciation (谴责) in the United States last year. "The reaction has been one of complete shock and disbelief," Mr. Horgan says.The real question is whether any remaining unsolved problems, of which there are plenty, lend themselves to universal solutions. If they do not, then the focus of scientific discovery is already narrowing. Since the triumphs of the 1960s—the genetic code, plate tectonics (板块构造学说), and the microwave background radiation that went a long way towards provingthe Big Bang—genuine scientific revolutions have been scarce. More scientists are now alive, spending more money on research, than ever. Yet most of the great discoveries of the 19th and 20th centuries were made before the appearance of state sponsorship, when the scientific enterprise was a fraction of its present size.Were the scientists who made these discoveries brighter than today"s That seems unlikely. A far more reasonable explanation is that fundamental science has already entered a period of diminished returns. "Look, don"t get me wrong," says Mr. Horgan. "There are lots of important things still to study, and applied science and engineering can go on forever. I hope we get a cure for cancer, and for mental disease, though there are few real signs of progress." Which of the following statements may be true according to the passage
A. Great scientific discoveries will never be possible.
B. The harsh challenge has to be met by modem scientists.
C. The state sponsorship and scientific enterprise are all in vain.
D. The chance for great scientific discoveries becomes scarce.
2012年张某承包一国有饭店,根据协议规定,分两次取得承包所得,6月取得28800元,12月取得27800元,每月取得固定工资5000元。另外,12月取得以下几笔收入:(1)转让一套居住过4年的自有住房,获转让收入50000元。房屋购入原价30000元,销售时支付有关税费共计3000元。(2)取得证券公司交易返还其收入1000元。(3)取得误餐补助300元。(4)取得特许权使用费收入5000元,拿出2000元通过民政局捐给养老院。(5)购买福利彩票中奖收入24800元。(6)取得国债利息收入900元。根据以上资料,依据个人所得税法的有关规定,回答下列问题: 购买福利彩票应纳个人所得税额为()元。
A. 0
B. 2960
C. 3968
D. 4960