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Which word or phrase given below best describes Russell's ideas of passions？
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听力原文： Tea, that most quintessential of English drinks, is a relative latecomer to British shores. Although the custom of drinking tea dates back to the third millennium BC in China, it was not until the mid-17th century that the beverage first appeared in England. The use of tea spread slowly from its Asian homeland, reaching Europe by way of Venice around 1560, although Portuguese trading ships may have made contact with the Chinese as early as 1515. It was the Portuguese and Dutch traders who first imported tea to Europe, with regular shipments by 1610. England was a latecomer to the tea trade, as the East India Company did not capitalize on tea's popularity until the mid-18th century. Charles Ⅱ did his bit to counter the growth of tea, with several acts forbidding its sale in private houses. A 1676 act taxed tea and required coffee house operators to apply for a license. This was just the start of government attempts to control, or at least, to profit from the popularity of tea in Britain. By the mid-18th century the duty on tea had reached an absurd 119%. This heavy taxation had the effect of creating a whole new industry--tea smuggling.
What is this passage mainly about？
What does the man think of the criticism？
A cute little female about six inches high, with wings and a pretty dress is the usual description people give if you ask them what a fairy looks like. This image of the fairy as a tiny, lovable, angel-like creature dressed in white, goes back to about the seventeenth century. But before that time, fairies were very different. They were cruel and dangerous creatures which lived in the remote hills and forests of Britain.
Farmers and hunters considered them to be as real and dangerous as the wolves and bears that lived in the wilder parts of the countryside. They were feared so much that people rarely spoke out loud of "fairies", preferring to use more respectful names such as "the little people" or "the hidden people".
There were many different names for the hidden people: fairies, elves, pixies, leprechauns, brownies, and goblins, to name but a few. There were also a number of explanations of their origin. Some said they were spirits of wood and water. In Cornwall they were thought to be the restless ghosts of unbaptised babies. Still others believed them to be a separate creation, as real as humans and animals.
They had the appearance of dark-skinned and dark-haired humans, although of course they were much smaller than ordinary people. Most accounts describe them as being the size of children, about four feet or so. Their clothing seems almost always to have been green or brown, although they occasionally went naked. Many early stories indicate that they were nocturnal. They had their homes in lonely and out of the way places.
Generally the fairies hated humans and could be very cruel to them. A good example of this cruelty is the legend of the "changeling". The fairies would steal human babies, especially those with fair hair and blue eyes, and replace them with one of their own or just a piece of wood.
Babies were not the only thing that the fairies would steal. Tools, plates, saucepans, practically anything small that they could easily carry. Food was also taken, as well as clothing. Fruit trees were raided in the night and cows milked dry.
The first thing we notice about these people is that their needs were not at all supernatural. They wanted food and were ready to steal in order to get it. Surely these were not ghosts or natural spirits.
One explanation is that stories of fairies are folk memories of the pre-Celtic inhabitants of Britain. Folk memories are oral traditions handed down over the years by word of mouth, These traditions can be very ancient.
The invasion of the Celts was an awful event for this island. It would not be surprising if some form. of memory of such an important event should survive to this day. These legends survive most strongly in the Celtic parts of the British Isles: Scotland, Wales, Ireland and Cornwall.
But could stories based on these events really be handed down by word of mouth over 2,000 years？
We will never know the truth about the fairies. However, this theory does seem more probably than most.
A fairy before the 17th century had all of the following features EXCEPT that ______.
SECTION B PASSAGES
Directions: In this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
听力原文： Bertrand Russell wrote a short and sweet essay called "Three Passions I Have Lived For." Here are Russell's three: The longing for love; the search for knowledge; and what he called "the unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. "Of these three, the first two require no external reminders. One seeks love because love brings ecstasy and relieves loneliness; one seeks knowledge to understand the human heart. It is the third passion, the unbearable sympathy for the suffering of others that seems to call for frequent updating. So the world accommodates, with glimpses of that unbearable sympathy in Africa, where among the spasms of slaughter and disease, volunteers labour to keep that tortured continent alive; or in Iraq, where, between the pictures of invasions and explosions, a soldier occasionally is spotted lifting a child to safety. Or within our own borders, where those without homes or food are attended by those who refuse to let them go under. That constitutes the "unbearable" part, passion undercut by the powerlessness. Of course, reason and gentleness are politics by other means as well, but they require a different sort of passion. Russell's ideas of passion were straightforward and in the right place, which made his life worth living.
What is Bertrand Russell's third passion？
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