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封装性是指所有软件部件内部都有明确的______以及清楚的______。每个软件部件都有友好的______，软件部件的__
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第三篇 TheWorld's Best-Selling Medicine
Since ancient times, people all over theworld have used willow to stop pain The willow tree con-tains salicylic acid(水杨酸). This stops pain, but there is one problem.Salicylic acid also hurts thestomach. In 1853, a French scientist made amixture from willow that did not hurt the stomach. How-ever, his mixture wasdifficult to make, and he did not try to produce or sell it.
In 1897, inGermany, Felix Hoffmann also made amixture with salicylic acid. He tried it himselifirst and then gave it to hisfather because his father was old and in a lot of pain. His father's painwentaway. and the mixture did not hurt his stomach.
Hoffmann worked for Bayer, a Germancompany. He showed his new drug to his manager, whctested the drug and foundthat it worked well. Bayer decided to make the drug. They called it aspirinandput the Bayer name on every pill
Aspirin was an immediate success. Almosteveryone has pain of some kind, so aspirin answered atrue need. Aspirin wascheap, easy to take, and effective. It also lowered fevers. Aspirin was awondeidrug.
At first, Bayer sold the drug throughdoctors, who then sold it to their patients. In 1915, thecompany started to sell aspirin in drugstores. In the United States, Bayer had a patent(专利权) onthedrug. Other companies could make similar products and sell them in othercountries, but only bayercould make and sell aspirin in theUnited States.In time, Bayer could no longer own the name aspirinin theUnited States.Other companies could make it there, too. However, Bayer aspirin was themostwell known, and for many years, it was the market leader.
By the 1950s, new painkillers were onthe market. Aspirin was no longer the only way to treatpain and reduce fever.Bayer and other companies looked for other drugs to make. However, in the 1970sthey got a surprise. Doctors noticed that patients who were taking aspirin hadfewer heart at-tacks than other people. A British researcher named John Vanefound the reason aspirin helped to pre-vent heart attacks. In 1982, he won theNobel prize for his research. Doctors started to tell some oftheir patients totake aspirin every day to prevent heart attacks It has made life better for themanypeople who take it. It has also made a lot of money for companies likeBayer that produce and sell it !
41 Why didn't the French scientistcontinue to make the medicine that stopped pain？
The title of the passage is__________
通过______这种机制和构造来实现不同应用中的信息共享。
根据以下内容回答题：
A well-documented body of information existing shows that noise call affect human in both physiological and psychological ways． Hearing losses in particular occupations such as boiler-making and construction work are well known．In fact，however，we all find heating more difficult as our age．Young ears can distinguish a wide range of sounds from low to very high frequencies，while older ears lose the ability to distinguish high-pitched sounds．A comparison of some industrialized versus non- industrialized peoples suggests that this hearing loss may not be the must-be result of old age． Furthermore，a closer examination of other data reveals economic effects．For instance，airports are currently operating at less capacity because of noise regulations which restrict their hours of operation．Job performance can be seriously affected by loud noise，especially if accu-racy and mental effort are involved．The use of outdoor areas for conversation is not possible for an estimated 5 to 10 million people who live or work in urban areas．When interference with television or speech or sleep is included，as many as 22 to 44 miHion people cab be said to have lost part of the use of their homes and grounds because of noise．Thus noise pollution is a serious environmental concern．Much more effort should be made to waru people of the grave effects which may stop from an excessively noisy environment．
Boiler-making and construction work are given as examples of__________ ．
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