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Part B In the following article some paragraphs have been removed. For Questions 66~70, choose the most suitable paragraphfrom the list A~F tofit into each ofthe numbered gaps. There is one paragraph which does notfit in any of the gaps. A.There remained, however, the“easier”labor—the labor that required the human eyes, ears, judgment and mind but no sweating. It nevertheless had its miseries, for it tended to be dull, repetitious, and boring. And there is always the sour sense of endlessly doing something. unpleasant under compulsion. B.For one thing, much of human effort that is today put into“miming the world”will be unnecessary. With computers, robots and automation, a great deal of the daily grind will appear to be running itself. This is nothing startling. It is a trend that has been rapidly on its way ever since World WarⅡ. C.And now we stand at the brink of a change that will be the greatest of all, for work in its old sense will disappear altogether. To most people, work has always been an efforfful exercising of mind or body—compelled by the bitter necessity of earning the necessities of life—plus an occasional period of leisure in which to rest or have fun. D.Clearly there will be a painful period of transition, one that is starting already, and one that will be in full swing as the 21st century begins. E.In the first place, the computer age will introduce a total revolution in our notions of education, and is beginning to do so now. The coming of the computer will make learning fun, and a successfully stimulated mind will learn quickly. It will undoubtedly turn out that the“average”child is much more intelligent and creative than we generally suppose. There was a time, after all, when the ability to read and write was confined to a very small group of“scholars”and almost all of them would have scouted the notion that just about anyone could learn the intricacies of literacy. Yet with mass education general literacy came to be a fact. F.This means that the dull, the boring, the repetitious, the mind-stultifying work will begin to disappear from the job market—is already beginning to disappear. This, of course, will introduce two vital sets of problem—is already introducing them. Periodically in history, there come periods of great transition in which work changes its meaning. There was a time, perhaps 10,000 years ago, when human beings stopped feeding themselves by hunting game and gathering plants. and increasingly turned to agriculture. In a way, that represented the invention of“work”. Then, in the latter decades of the 18th century, as the Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain, there was another transition in which the symbols of work were no longer the hoe and the plow; they were replaced by the mill and the assembly line. 66.______ With the Industrial Revolution, machinery—powered first by steam, then by electricity and internal combustion engines—took over the hard physical tasks and relieved the strain on human and animal muscles. 67.______ And yet, such jobs have been characteristic of the human condition in the first three-quarters of the 20th century. They’ve made too little demand on the human mind and spirit to keep them fresh and alive, made too much demand for any machine to serve the purpose until now. The electronic computer, invented in the 1940’s and improved at breakneck speed, was a machine that, for the first time, seemed capable of doing work that had until then been the preserve of the human mind.With the coming of the microchip in the 1970’s. computers became compact enough, versatile enough and(most important of a11)cheap enough to serve as the brains of affordable machines that could take their place on the assembly line and in the office. 68.______ First, what will happen to the human beings who have been working at these disappearing jobs Second, where will we get the human beings that will do the new jobs that will appear—jobs that are demanding, interesting and mind-exercising, but that requires a high-tech level of thought and education 69.______ The first problem, that of technological unemployment, will be temporary, for it will arise out of the fact that there is now a generation of employees who have not been educated to fit the computer age. However, (in advanced nations, at least)they will be the last generation to be so lacking, so that with them this problem will disappear or, at least, diminish to the point of non-crisis proportions. The second problem—that of developing a large enough number of high-tech minds to run a high-tech world—will be no problem at all, once we adjust our thinking. 70.______ Right now, creativity seems to be confined to a very few, and it is easy to suppose that that is the way it must be However, with the proper availability of computerized education, humanity will surprise the elite few once again.

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Text 3 Text 3 Before a big exam, a sound night’s sleep will do you better than poring over textbooks. That, at least, is the folk wisdom. And science, in the form of behavioral psychology, supports that wisdom.But such behavioral studies cannot distinguish between two competing theories of why sleep is good for the memory. One says that sleep is when permanent memories form. The other says that they are actually formed during the day, but then“edited”at night, to flush away what is superfluous. To tell the difference, it is necessary to look into the brain of a sleeping person, and that is hard. But after a decade of painstaking work, a team led by Pierre Maquet at Liege University in Belgium has managed to do it. The particular stage of sleep in which the Belgian group is interested is rapid eye movement(REM)sleep, when brain and body are active, heart rate and blood pressure increase, the eyes move back and forth behind the eyelids as if watching a movie, and brainwave traces resemble those of wakefulness. It is during this period of sleep that people are most likely to relive events of the previous day in dreams. Dr. Maquet used an electronic device called PET to study the brains of people as they practiced a task during the day, and as they slept during the following night. The task required them to press a button as fast as possible, in response to a light coming on in one of six positions. As they learnt how to do this, their response times got faster. What they did not know was that the appearance of the lights sometimes followed a pattern—what is referred to as “artificial grammar”. Yet the reductions in response time showed that they learnt faster when the pattern was present than when there was not. What is more, those with more to learn(i. e. the“grammar”, as well as the mechanical task of pushing the button)have more active brains. The“editing”theory would not predict that, since the number of irrelevant stimuli would be the same in each case. And to eliminate any doubts that the experimental subjects were learning as opposed to unlearning, their response times when they woke up were even quicker than when they went to sleep. The team, therefore, concluded that the nerve connections involved in memory are reinforced through reactivation during REM sleep, particularly if the brain detects an inherent structure in the material being learnt. So now, on the eve of that crucial test, maths students can sleep soundly in the knowledge that what they will remember the next day are the basic rules of algebra and not the incoherent talk from the radio next door. In their study, researchers led by Pierre Maquet took advantage of the technique of______.

A. exposing a long-held folk wisdom
B. clarifying the predictions on dreams
C. making contrasts and comparisons
D. correlating effects with their causes

You will hear a talk given by a university lecturer.As you tisten,you must answer Questions 21~30 by writing NO MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right.You will hear the talk TWICE. According to the figure of the academic year 1995/96,where do the largest number of foreign students come from

Part AYou will hear a conversation. As you listen, answer Questions 1 to 10 by circling A or B. You will hear the conversation ONLY ONCE. Mr Miller will buy a new house with the money he has won.

A. 对
B. 错

Part AYou will hear a conversation. As you listen, answer Questions 1 to 10 by circling A or B. You will hear the conversation ONLY ONCE. Government buildings often have special paths for those people handicapped.

A. 对
B. 错

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