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The crowd stirred and whispered in awe as, on the stage, the horse slowly tapped out the beat. Everyone became tense and quiet as the number of taps neared the correct answer to the horse trainer’s question. After The final tap, the horse paused, seemed to look around and stopped. The crowd went wild !The horse’s name was Clever Hans, the Educated Horse, and was featured in a vaudeville(杂耍) act in the early 1900s, in Europe. When asked a complicated mathematical question by his owner, Clever Hans would tap out the correct answer with his hooves. For example, if the answer was sixty- eight, Hans would tap out six with his left hoof and eight with his right hoof. Even mere remarkable, the owner would leave the room after asking the question, so there could be no secret signal between owner and horse. A mere animal seemed to be accomplishing a highly technical skill of man’s !It wasn’t until years later that the secret of the trick was revealed. The owner had trained Clever Hans to respond to slight signals. The horse became so sensitive that he learned when to stop from the crowd’s reaction. Members of the audience would start involuntarily, or give some unconscious signal, when Hans reached the right answer. Modern scientists now warn against the Clever Hans syndrome (综合征), whereby researchers unconsciously give clues to their animal subjects about the actions they like to see performed! The first paragraph of this passage is （）
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It takes a long time to grow a tree. How long Well, pine trees are the quickest growing trees, but still, they take twenty years to reach a size suitable for cutting and harvesting. An oak takes about sixty years to grow to a good size. A redwood may take hundreds of years.Lumber companies, which make their money on trees, depend on those that grow quickly. There- fore, they are always looking for methods to make trees grow faster. So far, the secret to fast growing trees seems to lie in "super-seeds." These are seeds that are gathered from the quickest growing trees in a forest. One company searched 100,000 acres of trees and selected the seeds from just fifteen trees. These two ounces of seed were enough to plant several hundred new trees. Eventually, when these trees have grown, seeds will again be taken only from the fastest growing trees of crop. This process of artificial selection will yield, in the future, a super-tree that will grow in half the time it takes normal trees to develop.Unfortunately, it takes a long time for a plan like this to reach its goal. The Weyerhauser Lumber Corporation, which started its first collection of seed in 1958, is just now beginning to harvest the super-seeds of the first generation of the faster growing trees. Super-trees ()
There are no inevitable outcomes of social class in child rearing. At the same time, there is no question that social class is important factor in how children are raised and the kind of adults that children become. Regarding social class, sociologists have found that parents socialize their children into the behaviors and norms of their work worlds. Members of the working class are closely supervised and are expected to follow explicit rules at their jobs. If they do not follow the precise rules and do as they are told, they will not keep their jobs. Their experience influences how they deal with their children. As a result, their concern is less with their children’s motivations and more with their children’s out- ward conformity. Thus they are more apt to use physical punishment in managing their children. On the other hand, middle-class parents, who are expected to take more initiative on the job, are more concerned that their children develop curiosity, self-expression, and self-control. They are also more likely to withdraw privileges or affection than to use physical punishment. This passage is about（）
To find out what the weather is going to be, most people go straight to the radio, television or newspaper to get an expert weather forecast. But if you know what to look for, you can use your own senses to make weather predictions.There are many signs which can help yon. For example, in fair weather the air pressure is generally high. Tile air is still and often full of dust. Faraway objects may look hazy. But when a storm is brewing, the pressure drops and you are often able to see things more clearly. Sailors took note of this long ago and came up with a saying "The farther the sight, tile nearer the rain. ’Your sense of smell can also help you detect weather changes. Just before it rains, odors become stronger. This is because odors are repressed in a fair, high-pressure center. When a bad weather low moves in, air pressure lessens and odors are released.You can also hear an approaching storm. Sounds bounce off heavy storm clouds and return to earth with increased force. An old saying describes it this way: "Sounds traveling far and wide, a storm day will betide."And don’t scoff if your grandmother says she can feel a storm corning. It is commonly known that many people feel pains in their bones or in corns and bunions when the humidity rises, the pressure drops, and bad weather is on the way. The underlined word "repressed" in paragraph 3 is close to（）in meaning.
Farm animals provide man with food and material for clothing, leather and other products. Some, such as horses and oxen, provide transportation and power to pull machinery. Livestock gaze on about 40 percent of the United States land area.Cattle provide meat, hides and dairy products. Beef and dairy cattle account for about a third of all farm income in the U.S. Farms in the Midwest and sprawling ranches in the West raise most of the country’s beef cattle. The main Dairy’ Belt in the U. S. extends through the Northern states from New England to Minnesota. Eastern dairy farmers in Minnesota, Wisconsin and Iowa sell most of their milk to companies that make butter, cheese and evaporated milk.Hogs grow rapidly and provide meat and materials used to make many products. Hogs thrive on corn, and farmers in the Corn Belt of the Midwest raise more than two-third of U. S. hogs.Sheep and goats supply man with meat, wool and skins for leather. They are hardy animals that live well on poor grazing land.Poultry includes chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys and other birds raised for meat or eggs. Many farmers keep small flocks of chickens to supply their families with eggs and meat. But some U. S. farmers specialize in raising large flocks of meat or egg-laying chickens. They use scientific breeding and feeding methods.Some specialized farms raise mink and other animals for their fur, rabbits for meat, or silkworms for silk. Many farmers keep bees to get their honey and to help pollinate crops. Where is the Corn Belt located()
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