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People in the United States in the nineteenth century were (21) by the (22) that unprecedented change in the nation’s economy would bring social (23) . In the years following 1820, after several decades of relative stability, the economy (24) a period of (25) and extremely rapid growth that continued to the end of the nineteenth century. (26) that growth was a structural change that (27) by increasing economic diversification and a gradual shift in the nation’s labor force from agriculture to manufacturing and other nonagricultural pursuits. Although the birth rate continued to decline from its high level of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the population roughly doubled every generation during the rest of the nineteenth century. As the population grew, its (28) also changed. Massive waves of immigration brought new ethnic groups into the country. Geographic and social mobility--downward as well as upward-- (29) almost everyone. Local studies (30) that nearly three-quarters of the population in the North and South, the emerging cities of the Northeast, and in the restless rural counties of the West changed their residence each decade. As a (31) , historian David Donald has written, "Social atomization affected every segment of society", and it seemed to many people that "all the recognized values of orderly civilization were gradually being eroded." Rapid industrialization and increased geographic mobility in the nineteenth century had special (32) for women because these changes tended to (33) social distinctions. As the roles men and women played in society became more rigidly defined, so did the roles they played in the home. In the (34) of extreme competitiveness and dizzying social change, the (35) lost many of its earlier functions and the home came to serve as a (36) of tranquillity and order. As the size of families decreased, the roles of husband and wife became more clearly (37) than ever before. In the middle class especially, men participated in the productive economy while women (38) the home and served as the custodians of civility and culture. The intimacy of marriage that was (39) in earlier periods was rent, and a gulf that at times seemed unbridgeable was (40) between husbands and wives.

A. makeup
B. constitution
C. structure
D. organization

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下列化合物在水溶液中的碱性降低顺序为( )。 a. C2H5NH2 b. (C2H5)2NH c. NH3 d. (C2H5)4N+OH-

A. a>b>c>d;
B. c>d>a>b;
C. d>b>a>c;
D. d>c>a>b。

Passage 3 It can be argued that much consumer dissatisfaction with marketing strategies arises from an inability to aim advertising at only the likely buyers of a given product. There are three groups of consumers who are affected by the marketing process. First, there is the market segment-people who need the commodity in question. Second, there is the program target-people in the market segment with the "best fit" characteristics for a specific product. Lots of people may need trousers, but only a few qualify as likely buyers of very expensive designer trousers. Finally, there is the program audience all people who are actually exposed to the marketing program without regard to whether they need or want the product. These three groups are rarely identical. An exception occurs occasionally in cases where customers for a particular industrial product may be few and easily identifiable. Such customers, all sharing a particular need, are likely to form a meaningful target, for example, all companies with a particular application of the product in question, such as high-speed fillers of bottles at breweries. In such circumstances, direct selling (marketing that reaches only the program target) is likely to be economically justified, and highly specialized trade media exist to expose members of the program target--and only members of the program target--to the marketing program. Most consumer-goods markets are significantly different. Typically, there are many rather than few potential customers. Each represents a relatively small percentage of potential sales. Rarely do members of a particular market segment group themselves neatly into a meaningful program target. There are substantial differences among consumers with similar demographic characteristics. Even with all the past decade’s advances in information technology, direct selling of consumer goods is rare, and mass marketing--a marketing approach that aims at a wide audience--remains the only economically feasible mode. Unfortunately, there are few media that allow the marketer to direct a marketing program exclusively to the program target. Inevitably, people get exposed to a great deal of marketing for products in which they have no interest and so they become annoyed. The author implies which of the following about specialized trade media

A. They can be used only when direct selling is not economically feasible.
B. They are used only for very expensive products.
C. They are rarely used in marketing programs for industrial products.
D. They are used only when direct selling has not reached the appropriate segment.

Questions 14 -16 are based on the following passage. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 14 -16. Almost all companies involved in new production and development must ______.

A. rely on their own financial resources
B. persuade the banks to provide long-term finance
C. borrow large sums of money from friends and people they know
D. depend on the population as a whole for finance

试述低钾血症的治疗原则。

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