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Researchers at the University of Toronto have taken important steps toward producing a profile of an abusive parent. Prof. Gary Walters and doctoral student Lynn Oldershaw of the Department of Psychology have developed a system to characterize parents who physically abuse their children. This could ultimately allow social service professionals to identify parents in child abuse. Over the last five years, Walters and Oldershaw, in collaboration with Darlene Hall of the West End Creche, have examined over 100 mothers and their three-to-six-year-old children who have been physically abused. In the laboratory, the mother and child spend 30 minutes in structured activities such as playing, eating and cleaning-up. The family interaction is videotaped and later analyzed. The researchers have developed a system, which allows them to record the effectiveness of parenting skills. They are particularly interested in disciplinary strategies because abuse most commonly occurs when the parent wants the child to comply. "It’s a question of trying to determine which type of parent produces which type of child or which type of child elicits which type of parental behavior," explains Oldershaw. As a result of their work, Walters and Oldershaw have identified distinct categories of abusive parents and their children. "Harsh / Intrusive" mothers are excessively harsh and constantly badger their child to behave. Despite the fact that these mothers humiliate and disapprove of their child, there are times when they hug, kiss or speak to them warmly. This type of mothering produces an aggressive, disobedient child. A "covert / hostile" mother shows no positive feelings towards her child. She makes blatant (明显的) attacks on the child’s self-worth and denies him affection or attention. For his part, the child tries to engage his mother’s attention and win her approval. An "emotionally detached" mother has very little involvement with her child. She appears depressed and uninterested in the child’s activities. The child of this type of mother displays no characteristics that set him apart from other children. In order to put together a parenting profile, the two researchers examine the mother / child interaction and their perception and feelings. Abusive parents are often believed to have inadequate parenting skills and are referred to programs to improve these skills. These programs are particularly appropriate for parents who, themselves, were raised by abusive parents and as a result are ignorant of any other behavior toward her child. One of the goals of the psychologists is to provide information to therapists which will help tailor therapy to the individual needs of the abusive parents. Which of the following is NOT observed by the researchers in their study of abusive parents
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《唐律疏议·斗讼律》：“诸诬告人者，各反坐。诸告祖父母、父母者，绞。即嫡、继、慈母杀其父，及所养者杀其本生，并听告。诸部曲、奴婢告主，非谋反、逆、叛者，皆绞。诸投匿名书告人罪者，流二千里。诸被囚禁，不得告举他事。其为狱官酷己者，听之。即年八十以上，十岁以下及笃疾者，听告谋反、逆、叛、子孙不孝及同居之内为人侵犯者，余并不得告。诸以赦前事相告言者，以其罪罪之。” 请运用中国法制史的知识和理论，分析上述文字并回答下列问题： 请根据该段文字归纳唐朝对告诉的限制情形。
与司法相比，执法有哪些特征
Steve Robinson went for a walk yesterday morning with tens of millions of people watching. A walk in space. What made his sojourn so different from those of the hundreds of other astronauts who have floated around shuttles for more than 20 years is that the very future of the nation’s manned space program may rest on his success. In the wake of the Columbia disaster 30 months ago, and amid questions about NASA’s commitment to a safety-first culture, Robinson tested what accounts to the repair kits to help astronauts survive damage from debris during lift-off or in orbit. Apparently, the repairs went well. How well, however, and whether the spacecraft sustained damage from foam insulation as it rose from Kennedy Space Center, won’t be known until Discovery completes its super-heated descent through the atmosphere and touches down. What is known now is that NASA allowed Discovery to fly despite internal questions about whether NASA had done enough to address safety issues raised inside and outside the agency. That’s disquieting. Space flight is dangerous; it can never be as safe as, say, a flight in a jetliner. But every investigation following both the Challenger and Columbia tragedies cited a culture that did not put safety first. Yes, NASA has made progress. Robinson’s repair walk is evidence of that. For now, let’s hope for the best for the seven brave astronauts as, amazingly, they do their jobs. According to the passage, the significance of the successful space walk done by Steve Robison is
甲上市公司根据合同于2004年3月19日开出面值600万元，5个月到期的商业汇票，交付给乙公司支付材料款,A保证人为乙公司保证，并在票据正面注明保证字样和保证人签章。乙收到票据后按期向承兑人提示承兑。并于2004年6月9日将该票据背书转让给丙公司，丙公司又背书转让给丁公司。丁公司于2004年8月22日向承兑人提示付款，由此牵涉出以下问题： (1) 甲公司认为票据未记录付款地和出票地，记载事项不完整，拒绝付款；承兑人认为持票人未按规定期限提示付款，拒绝付款。 (2) 丁公司向丙公司索要票据款项，丙公司认为票据背书时未注明背书日期，背书行为无效，拒绝承担责任。 (3) 丁要求乙付款，乙认为按照债务人的顺序，应先由丙付款，丁不能对其直接要求付款，因此拒绝付款。 (4) 丁要求A担保人代为付款，A同意付款。 (5) 甲公司为了缓解资金压力，经C股东2004年9月5日提议，拟于12月2日召开临时股东大会，审议发行公司债券事项，并于11月18日将审议事项通知各股东。 要求：结合以上资料，根据票据法的规定，分析回答下列问题。 (1) 影响汇票有效性的记载事项有哪些甲的理由是否成立 (2) 承兑人拒绝付款的理由是否成立 (3) 承兑的效力是什么 (4) 丁要求丙、乙、A代为付款，属于行使什么权利 (5) 丙公司拒绝付款的理由是否成立丙应对该票据承担哪些责任 (6) 乙公司拒绝付款的理由是否成立 (7) A保证人向丁承担保证责任后，是否有追索权 (8)上市公司在哪些情况下可以召开临时股东大会甲公司召开临时股东大会的议事规则是否符合要求
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