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阅读下面一段文言文，完成第16～18题。 昔者齐桓公与鲁庄公为柯之盟。鲁大夫曹刿谓庄公曰：“齐之侵鲁，至于城下，城坏压境，君不图与”庄公曰：“嘻，寡人之生不若死。”曹刿曰：“然，则君请当其君，臣请当其臣。”及会，两君就坛，两相相揖。曹刿手剑援刃而进，迫桓公于坛上，曰：“城坏压境，君不图与”管仲曰：“然，则君何求”曹刿曰：“愿请汶阳田。”管仲谓桓公曰：“君其许之。”桓公许之。曹刿请盟，桓公遂与之盟，已盟，弃剑而去。左右曰：“要盟可倍，曹刿可仇，请倍盟而讨曹刿。”管仲曰：“要盟可负，而君不负；曹刿可仇，而君不仇，著信天下矣。”遂不倍。天下诸侯翕然而归之。为鄄之会，幽之盟，诸侯莫不至焉；为阳谷之会，贯泽之盟，远国皆来。南伐强楚，以致菁茅之贡；北伐山戎，为燕开路。三存亡国，一继绝世，尊事周室，九合诸侯，一匡天下，功次三王，为五伯长，本信起于柯之盟也。(《新序·杂事四》) 用现代汉语写出以下句子的大意。 三存亡国，一继绝世，尊事周室，九合诸侯，一匡天下，功次三王，为五伯长，本信起于柯之盟也。
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Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based an the passage you have just heard.
阅读下面的现代文，完成第11～15题。 听泉 演奏《二泉映月》，有一种心灵沐浴冲凉的感觉，琴弓的马尾吃住了弦，像是把山里的玉石锯开了一个小缝儿，泉水呢，顺着左手指头尖儿款款地流出来，跌扑回还，绕在身边。心里所有的浮躁、郁闷、烦琐，都被淙淙流泉冲走了。身上清爽得很，干净得很。舌根也甜润润湿漉漉。说来真得感谢盲人音乐家阿炳(华彦钧)，他用一把二胡，教会了我们听泉，让我们知道，感觉山中清泉，应该打通生命所有孔窍，只凭眼睛直观是不够的。是啊，古人说刑天舞干戚，以乳为目，以脐为口，就是说人的浑身上下都生着精明的感官，人本来就是精灵剔透的灵长目，我们和炳哥的差别就在于不懂得让心灵长出眼睛看宇宙，让耳朵生出触须抚摸自然，从这个角度说，也许我们才是真正的“盲人”。还有，我们没有化清流为音乐的神力，在盲人音乐家阿炳这里，泉水是灵感的婴儿。他一下子就捕捉住了稍纵即逝的灵感，再加进自己的天分、才情与生命感悟，人间就流淌出了不朽的经典，音乐的清泉《二泉映月》。 “二泉”从前只是伴穷道士沿街卖艺的一支曲子，如果不是遇到杨荫浏先生，那音乐的“泉水”不知会在哪儿幽咽断流了。我在音乐学院学琴的时候，老先生杨荫浏的学养和人品极为师生尊崇，杨荫浏和阿炳之间的理解与默契，是人间知音的绝唱，俞伯牙与钟子期也不能相比。换句话说，琴师俞伯牙倘若遇到杨荫浏，就大可不必因世无知音摔碎瑶琴了。杨荫浏是在建国初期为抢救濒临灭绝的文化遗产寻访阿炳的。背着笨重的录音机，他和阿炳谈心，谈艺，谈琴。用那时候流行的“履带”般的录音机带，录下了阿炳的曲子。这首曲子无题，阿炳让杨先生取个题目，杨先生思忖了片刻说，就叫做《二泉映月》吧。 可以想象这时候阿炳是多么感动和惊奇，他那深陷的眼窝红了，几乎要流出“泉水”了。面前这位先生不仅听懂了他，把他的琴声录下来，让他的音乐永远活着，而且，一语点睛，触动了他的心泉之门。是呵是呵，这娓娓动听的音乐，不是映月的天下第二泉又是什么泉水一冲出深山罅隙，月光扑了过来。一轮梨花月变成了液体。揉碎了的月光，叮叮咚咚唱着歌，奔跑跳跃在惠山绿竹林青草地。忽然从高高的石崖向下“蹦极”，珠玉四溅；忽然在花丛潜伏蛇行，若断还连，幽幽咽咽的；忽然又在光滑的鹅卵石溪床上跳着轻盈的舞步，带着小鱼。携着蝌蚪，跑向山外的世界……音乐在胡琴的三个把位回还，如曲水流觞。装饰音和滑音机智乖巧，似鱼嬉水草。抖弓细碎流畅，清流里有诉不尽的柔情。《二泉映月》是回旋曲式，让人把醉人醒泉回味品咂个够。更要紧的是，杨先生听着盲人音乐家心泉的律动，深深感觉到了阿炳对生命和自然的热爱，也听到了涌动的泉水里，有一点儿淡淡的哀伤。 阿炳和杨荫浏都已经离我们远去了，可映月的二泉还奔涌在我们的生命和生活中，记得，这首美妙绝伦的乐曲使著名指挥家小泽征尔由衷倾倒，他说过，二泉映月应当跪下来听。是的，此曲只应天上有，人间哪得几回闻也许，唯有双膝跪倒，才可以聊表心中的虔敬和感激。我们感激创造美的阿炳和发现美的杨荫浏。阿炳开掘出了他心中独一无二的音乐泉，杨萌浏牵着“泉水”的手，出了山。 《二泉映月》的传世应归功于哪些人
阅读下面的现代文，完成第11～15题。 听泉 演奏《二泉映月》，有一种心灵沐浴冲凉的感觉，琴弓的马尾吃住了弦，像是把山里的玉石锯开了一个小缝儿，泉水呢，顺着左手指头尖儿款款地流出来，跌扑回还，绕在身边。心里所有的浮躁、郁闷、烦琐，都被淙淙流泉冲走了。身上清爽得很，干净得很。舌根也甜润润湿漉漉。说来真得感谢盲人音乐家阿炳(华彦钧)，他用一把二胡，教会了我们听泉，让我们知道，感觉山中清泉，应该打通生命所有孔窍，只凭眼睛直观是不够的。是啊，古人说刑天舞干戚，以乳为目，以脐为口，就是说人的浑身上下都生着精明的感官，人本来就是精灵剔透的灵长目，我们和炳哥的差别就在于不懂得让心灵长出眼睛看宇宙，让耳朵生出触须抚摸自然，从这个角度说，也许我们才是真正的“盲人”。还有，我们没有化清流为音乐的神力，在盲人音乐家阿炳这里，泉水是灵感的婴儿。他一下子就捕捉住了稍纵即逝的灵感，再加进自己的天分、才情与生命感悟，人间就流淌出了不朽的经典，音乐的清泉《二泉映月》。 “二泉”从前只是伴穷道士沿街卖艺的一支曲子，如果不是遇到杨荫浏先生，那音乐的“泉水”不知会在哪儿幽咽断流了。我在音乐学院学琴的时候，老先生杨荫浏的学养和人品极为师生尊崇，杨荫浏和阿炳之间的理解与默契，是人间知音的绝唱，俞伯牙与钟子期也不能相比。换句话说，琴师俞伯牙倘若遇到杨荫浏，就大可不必因世无知音摔碎瑶琴了。杨荫浏是在建国初期为抢救濒临灭绝的文化遗产寻访阿炳的。背着笨重的录音机，他和阿炳谈心，谈艺，谈琴。用那时候流行的“履带”般的录音机带，录下了阿炳的曲子。这首曲子无题，阿炳让杨先生取个题目，杨先生思忖了片刻说，就叫做《二泉映月》吧。 可以想象这时候阿炳是多么感动和惊奇，他那深陷的眼窝红了，几乎要流出“泉水”了。面前这位先生不仅听懂了他，把他的琴声录下来，让他的音乐永远活着，而且，一语点睛，触动了他的心泉之门。是呵是呵，这娓娓动听的音乐，不是映月的天下第二泉又是什么泉水一冲出深山罅隙，月光扑了过来。一轮梨花月变成了液体。揉碎了的月光，叮叮咚咚唱着歌，奔跑跳跃在惠山绿竹林青草地。忽然从高高的石崖向下“蹦极”，珠玉四溅；忽然在花丛潜伏蛇行，若断还连，幽幽咽咽的；忽然又在光滑的鹅卵石溪床上跳着轻盈的舞步，带着小鱼。携着蝌蚪，跑向山外的世界……音乐在胡琴的三个把位回还，如曲水流觞。装饰音和滑音机智乖巧，似鱼嬉水草。抖弓细碎流畅，清流里有诉不尽的柔情。《二泉映月》是回旋曲式，让人把醉人醒泉回味品咂个够。更要紧的是，杨先生听着盲人音乐家心泉的律动，深深感觉到了阿炳对生命和自然的热爱，也听到了涌动的泉水里，有一点儿淡淡的哀伤。 阿炳和杨荫浏都已经离我们远去了，可映月的二泉还奔涌在我们的生命和生活中，记得，这首美妙绝伦的乐曲使著名指挥家小泽征尔由衷倾倒，他说过，二泉映月应当跪下来听。是的，此曲只应天上有，人间哪得几回闻也许，唯有双膝跪倒，才可以聊表心中的虔敬和感激。我们感激创造美的阿炳和发现美的杨荫浏。阿炳开掘出了他心中独一无二的音乐泉，杨萌浏牵着“泉水”的手，出了山。 你是如何理解“也许我们才是真正的‘盲人’”这句话的
The Right Amount of Energy We all enjoy being around people with energy. They inspire us. They are stimulating, fun, and uplifting. An energetic person has passion in his voice, a bounce in his step, and a smile on his face. Energy makes a person likable, and likability is a key ingredient in persuasive communications. Many business professionals underestimate the energy level required to generate enthusiasm among their listeners. But electrifying speakers bring it. They have an energy that is several levels higher than the people they are attempting to influence. Most business professionals could use an energy boost for public speaking situations such as Webinars, podcasts, staff meetings, conference calls, and television and radio interviews. Each of these opportunities requires a higher level of energy than would normally be appropriate if you were just chatting to someone in the hallway. But how do you project the fight level of vigor without seeming over the top By weighing yourself on an energy scale. And on this scale, more is better.The Energy Scale Recently I helped an executive prepare for his first major presentation in his new role. "Tell me where your energy is right now on a scale of one to ten," I asked. "One being fast asleep and ten being Jim Cramer on Mad Money. You know, the guy who’s yelling and gesturing wildly on his CNBC show. Where are you now" "A three," the speaker replied. "OK, what would it feel like to be a seven, eight or nine Give it a try," I suggested. If they’re being honest, most presenters place themselves at a three to six on the energy scale. That means there is plenty &room to boost your energy while not appearing too zany. But keep in mind, once you hit a ten or higher, you could be the next You Tube (GOOG) hit--which is not necessarily your top objective! Here are several surefire strategies to boost your energy presence.1. Practice leaving your comfort zone. Record several minutes of your presentation as you would normally deliver it. Play it back, preferably with someone else watching and listening as well. Ask yourself and the observer, where am I on the energy scale Now try it again. This time, break out of your comfort zone. Ham it up. Raise your voice. Use big gestures. Put a big smile on your face. Get to a point where you would feel slightly awkward and uncomfortable. Now watch it. Most likely your energy level will be far more engaging and still remain appropriate for the situation.2. Smile and have fun. Why do most people seem to enjoy Virgin entrepreneur Richard Branson Because the guy has fun and it shows. He always has a warm, engaging smile on his face. Of course, you can argue that it’s easy to walk around with a smile when you’re worth ＄4 billion! But seriously, smile. It won’t hurt and it will make you more likable. Most business professionals don’t smile as much as they should during presentations. I’m helping some executives prepare for CES, the big Consumer Electronics Show in January where they will announce new products. They get so caught up in the slides and what they’re going to say (as they should during preparation), they forget that new products bring joy to their consumers. In most cases--with the exception of bad news, of course---the first and last thing you say to yourself before launching into your presentation should be, "Have fun."3. Get your body moving. Many people are uncomfortable using expansive hand gestures. Don’t be. I spoke to David McNeill at the University of Chicago, who is known for his research into gesture and speech. He says that clear, confident speakers use hand gestures and that the gestures leave a positive impression on listeners. He went on to say that using gestures will help you speak better because for most of us it takes effort not to use gestures. Don’t be afraid of using your hands. AOL’s (TWX) Tmveo.com is one of my favorite video search engines. I use it to retrieve clips of business speakers to study their body language. Symantec’s (SYMC) John Thompson, Oracle’s (ORCL) Larry Ellison, Cisco’s (CSCO) John Chambers, and eBay’s (EBAY) Meg Whitman are excellent examples of people with confident, energetic body language.4. Study TV and radio personalities. Stars of television and radio who score high on the likability scale have high-energy personalities. I had a conversation with Suze Orman over the phone a couple of years ago and remember it to this day. Her energy comes right through the speaker. What you see on her CNBC show is what you get behind the scenes. High energy. The other day I watched Food Network ( SSP ) star Rachael Ray sign books at a mall where I happened to be shopping. Sometimes critics poke fun at her "perky" personality and phrases like "yum-o," but the fact is she has energy and millions of viewers enjoy it. The network morning-show hosts are typically chosen for their energetic personalities. Today’s Matt Lauer on NBC ( GE ) and The Early Show’s Julie Chen on CBS (CBS) are excellent examples, but there are many others on morning television. Remember, maintaining an energetic presence is very difficult to do unless you’re involved with something you enjoy. If you are truly passionate about your company, product, or service, then show it. Speak with energy and vitality. Your listeners will love you for it. David McNeill says that confident speakers use ______.
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