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第三篇Problems of the Elderly Gerontologists (老年人问题学者) study how old people are treated within a society and how the elderly deal with the inevitable problems of aging, particularly those involving health and income. Health problems include normal losses in hearing, eyesight, and memory, and the increased possibility of chronic(慢性的)diseases. These losses are gradual and proceed at different rates for each individual. In general, the health of old people today is better than that of earlier generation-a condition that is likely to improve still further as more people receive better medical care throught their lives. Because most old people are no longer in the labor force, a steady source of income is necessary. Systems of pensions and benefits are characteristic of industrial societies. One example is Social Security in the U. S. , which is now increased automatically as the cost of living rises. thus reducing somewhat the effect of inflation. Although the income of retired people is about half that of working people, most manage to remain financially independent. Income needs and health are what people consider most when they decide whether to retire or not. Putting an end to the limit on the retirement age is not expected to cause many workers to stay on the job if they can afford to retire. The need to relieve strains on the Social Security System, however, has led to legislation that gradually raises the age at which people can get full benefits. This might force them to work longer in the future. Elderly people themselves often display high spirits, satisfaction with life, and feelings of selfworth. The important factors are health and income. The task of modern societies is to ensure that the aged have their basic needs met and that they can continue to function in the community. The expression "if they can afford to retire" in paragraph 4 probably means
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发展容错技术可提高计算机系统的可靠性。利用元件冗余可保证在局部有故障的情况下系统正常工作。带有热备份的系统称为 (25) 系统。它是 (26) ，因此只要有一个子系统能正常工作，整个系统仍能正常工作。
第一篇Electric Backpack Backpacks are convenient. They can hold your books, your lunch, and a charge of clothes, leaving your hands free to do other things. Someday, if you don’t mind carrying a heavy load, your backpacks might also power your MP3 player, keep your cell phone running, and maybe even light your way home. Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues from the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia and the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Mass. , have invented a backpack that makes electricity from energy produced while its wearer walks. In military actions, search and-rescue operations, and scientific field studies, people rely increasingly on cell phones, global positioning system (GPS) receivers, night-vision goggles, and other battery-powered devices to get around and do their work. The backpack’s electricity-generating feature could dramatically reduce the amount of a wearer’s load now devoted to spare batteries, report Rome and his colleagues in the Sept. 9 Science. The backpack’s electricity-crew, ring powers depend on springs used to hang a cloth pack from its metal frame. The frame sits against the wearer’s back, and the whole pack moves up and down as the person walks. A gear mechanism converts vertical movements of the pack to rotary motions of an electrical generator, producing up to 7.4 watts. Unexpectedly, tests showed that wearers of the new backpack alter their gaits in response to the pack’s oscillations, so that they carry loads more comfortably and with less effort than they do ordinary backpacks. Because of that surprising advantage, Rome plans to commercialize both electric and non-electric versions of the backpack. The backpack could be especially useful for soldiers, scientists, mountaineers, and emergency workers who typically carry heavy backpacks. For the rest of us, power-generating backpacks could make it possible to walk, play video games, watch TV, and listen to music, all at the same time. Electricity-generating packs aren’t on the market yet, but if you do get one eventually, just make sure to look both ways be{ore crossing the street! The word "springs" in Paragraph 3 means
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续上题。该项目总监理工程师检查发现有些监理分解目标往往不能落实，为此总监理工程师及时组织召开了项目监理机构专题工作会议，让大家针对存在的问题进行讨论。经过大家认真的分析和讨论，会议结束时总监理工程师总结了大家的意见提出了三条应尽快解决的问题：1．纠正目标控制的不规范行为，制定目标控制基本程序框图；2．理好主动控制和被动控制的关系；3．目标控制的措施不可单一，应采取综合措施进行控制。 试根据你所绘制的目标控制程序图，分别就质量目标控制、投资目标控制、进度目标控制方法举一例说明(举例中应既有主动控制方法，又有被动控制方法)
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