题目内容
Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-80, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So there are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil experts. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short item. Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, tuxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past. Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive, and se could he more seriously squeezed. One more reason net to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist"s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is______.
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李鹏总理向下届政府就发展科技教育文化事业提出建议时说，科技、教育、文化工作的根本任务，是提高全民族的科学文化素质和创新能力。他说，这是我国现代化事业发展的需要，也是适应世界科技革命和经济形势的要求。 李鹏提出，科技工作要注重在社会生产、流通、消费和环境保护等领域大力推广先进适用技术。促进科技成果尤其是信息技术成果的商品化，完善社会化科技服务体系，使科技进步更好地为经济和社会发展服务，为人民生活服务。加快高技术产业化步伐，用高新技术改造传统产业，注重解决产业结构调整和可持续发展所面临的关键技术问题，办好国家高技术产业开发区。积极推进科技体制改革，加快科研机构的改革，促进科技与经济密切联系。加强企业和科研院所、高等院校之间的联合，逐步使企业成为技术开发的主体。集中必要的力量，在基础研究的优势领域取得进展。鼓励发明创造，提高创新能力，保护知识产权。大力开展科普活动，增强全民科技意识。 李鹏说，今年，基本普及九年义务教育的人口地区要达到百分之七十二，再扫除350万青壮年文盲。要积极发展中等、高等职业教育和成人教育，开展多种形式的岗位和技术培训。进一步发展和引导社会力量办学。大力推进高等教育管理体制改革，通过共建、调整、合作、合并等形式，合理配置和充分利用教育资源，提高教育质量和效益。实施全面素质教育，加强思想品德教育和美育，改革教学内容、课程体系和教学方法，以适应社会对各类人才的需要。继续完善教育投资体制，多渠道增加教育投入。加强教师队伍建设，提倡尊师重教，改善教师的工作和生活条件。 李鹏指出，用邓小平理论武装广大干部和群众，在全社会形成共同理想和精神支柱，是思想建设的一项根本性任务。要广泛开展群众性的精神文明建设活动，大力倡导社会公德、职业道德和家庭美德，宣传各个领域的先进典型，提高全民族思想道德水平；繁荣和发展文学艺术、新闻出版、广播影视等事业，充分发挥思想宣传工作者、文学艺术工作者的积极性和创造性；积极开展哲学社会科学研究。加强文化基础设施建设，进一步解决边远和民族地区看电视、听广播的问题。改革文化管理体制，加强文化市场管理，继续开展“扫黄”、“打非”斗争，促进城乡文化市场健康发展。 在高等学校教育管理体制改革中，下面哪种形式是不可取的
Digital photography is still new enough that most of us have yet to form an opinion about it, (1)_____ develop a point of view. But this hasn"t stopped many film and computer fans from agreeing (2)_____ the early conventional wisdom about digital cameras—they"re new (3)_____ for you. But they"re not suitable for everyday picture taking. The fans are wrong: More than anything else, digital cameras are radically (4)_____ what photography means and what it can be. The venerable medium of photography (5)_____ we know it is beginning to seem out of (6)_____ with the way we live. In our computer and camcorder (7)_____ saving pictures as digital (8)_____ and watching them on TV is no less practical—and in many ways more (9)_____ than fumbling with rolls of film that must be sent off to be (10)_____. Paper is also terribly (11)_____. Pictures that are incorrectly framed, (12)_____,or lighted are nonetheless committed to film and ultimately processed into prints. The digital medium changes the (13)_____. Still images that are (14)_____ digitally can immediately be shown on a computer (15)_____, a TV screen, or a small liquid-crystal display (LCD) built fight into the camera. And since the points of light that (16)_____ an image are saved as a series of digital bits in electronic memory, (17)_____ being permanently etched onto film, they can be erased, retouched, and transmitted (18)_____. What"s it like to (19)_____ with one of these digital cameras It"s a little like a first date—exciting, confusing and fraught with (20)_____.
1972年2月21日，美国总统理查德·尼克松访华，受到毛泽东主席的亲切会见。大洋两岸两位巨人的手握到了一起，标志着中美关系揭开了新的篇章，象征着中美关系进入新的时代。 当年，为纪念这一盛事，某航空军工企业，曾根据报刊发表的新闻图片，设计铸造了一枚精美的像章。该章直径29厘米，厚1.2厘米，铝材铸造，重达2870克。章面镌刻毛泽东与尼克松握手这一永恒历史瞬间的半身侧面浮雕像。毛泽东穿中山装，站左面右，尼克松着西服，靠右面左。两人身体微倾，面露微笑，握手交谈，场面生动感人。经与新华社记者拍摄的新闻图片比较，尼克松身高比毛泽东高，会见时单手紧握毛泽东的手，而像章上的形象则相反，微妙地反115}出当时的某种社会心态，深深地烙下了那个特殊时代的印痕。 该像章运用的高浮雕蜡模精密铸造工艺，人物形神兼备，栩栩如生；发丝衣褶，雕琢精细。该章既属特大型半身“右侧面”像章，又是毛泽东像章制佩风潮结束以后出现的、绝无仅有的涉及美国领导人的像章。更为奇特的是，此章是航空军工厂采用制造战斗机的铝合金特制，寓意“铸剑为犁”、“化干戈为玉帛”…… 据考证，此章是1972年2月上海《中美联合公报》发表后，中央有关部门委托第三机械工业部国营东安机械厂设计制作，作为礼物赠送美国朋友的，生产数量不过十来枚，因设计制作时对人物形象作了艺术加工，样品送审未获中央通过，生产计划也未能实施。而已制成的数枚样章则被熔化、销毁，如今仅发现一枚。 根据本文，这枚像章的珍贵之处不包括下面哪项
In 1967, in response to widespread public concern aroused by medical reports of asbestos that related deaths, the National Medical Research Council organized a committee of enquiry to investigate the health threats associated with the use of asbestos in the building industry. After examining evidences provided by medical researchers and building workers and management, the Council published a report which included advices for dealing with asbestos. The report confirmed the findings of similar research in the United States and Canada. Exposure to relatively small quantities of asbestos fibers, they concluded, was directly responsible for the development of cancers, asbestosis and related diseases. Taking into account evidence provided by economists and building industry management, however, the report assumed that despite the availability of other materials, asbestos would continue to play a major role in the British building industry for many years to come because of its availability and low cost. As a result, the council gave a series of recommendations which were intended to reduce the risks to those who might be exposed to asbestos in working environments. They recommended that, where possible, asbestos free materials should be employed. In cases where asbestos was employed, it was recommended that it should be used in such a way that loose fibres were less likely to enter the air. The report recommended that special care should be taken during work in environments which contain asbestos. Workers should wear protective equipment and take special care to remove dust from the environment and clothing with the use of vacuum cleaner. The report identified five factors which determine the level of risk involved. The state and type of asbestos is critical to determining the risk factors. In addition, dust formation was found to be limited where the asbestos was used when wet rather than dry. The choice of tools was also found to affect the quantities of asbestos particles that enter the air. Machine tools produce greater quantities of dust than hand tools and, where possible, the use of the latter was recommended. A critical factor takes place in risk reduction is the adequate ventilation of the working environment. When work takes place in an enclosed space, more asbestos particles circulate and it was therefore recommended that natural or machine ventilation should be used. By closely following these advices, it was claimed that exposure can be reduced to a reasonably practical minimum. Exposure to asbestos fibres can cause cancer ______.
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