根据下面内容,回答176-180题The traditional distinction between products that satisfy needs and those that satisfy wants isno longer adequate to describe classes of products.In today's prosperous societies the distinctionhas become blurred because so many wants have been turned into needs.A writer, for instance,can work with paper and pencils.These are legitimate needs for the task.But the work can be donemore quickly and efficiently with a word processor.Thus a computer is soon viewed as a needrather than a want.In the field of marketing, consumer goods are classed according to the way in which they arepurchased.The two main categories are convenience goods and shopping goods.Two lesser typesare specialty goods and unsought goods.It must be emphasized that all of these types are based onthe way shoppers think about products, not on the nature of the products themselves.What is re-garded as a convenience item in France (wine, for example) may be a specialty good in the UnitedStates.People do not spend a great deal of time shopping for such convenience items as groceries,newspapers, toothpaste, razor blades, aspirin, and candy.The buying of convenience goods maybe done routinely, as some families buy groceries once a week.Such regularly purchased items arecalled staples.Sometimes convenience products are bought on impulse: someone has a sudden de-sire for an ice cream sundae on a hot day.Or they may be purchased as emergency items.Shopping goods are items for which customers search.They compare prices, quality, andstyles, and may visit a number of stores before making a decision.Buying an automobile is oftendone this way.Shopping goods fall into two classes: those that are perceived as basically the sameand those that are regarded as different.Items that are looked upon as basically the same includesuch things as home appliances, television sets, and automobiles.Having decided on the modeldesired, the customer is primarily interested in getting the item at the most favorable price.Itemsregarded as inherently different include clothing, furniture, and dishes.Quality, style, and fashionwill either take precedence over price, or they will not matter at all.Specialty goods have characteristics that impel customers to make special efforts to find them.Price may be no consideration at all.Specialty goods can include almost any kind of product.Nor-mally, specialty goods have a brand name or other distinguishing characteristics.Unsought goods are items a consumer does not necessarily want or need or may not even knowabout.Promotion or advertising brings such goods to the consumer's attention.The product couldbe something new on the market as the Sony Walkman once was or it may be a fairly standard ser-vice, such as life insurance, for which most people will usually not bother shopping. A word processor can be looked on as satisfying()rather than if it be-comes the only means to an end.
A. a want, a need
B. a need, a want
C. a machine, a tool
D. a tool, a machine
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一种商品价格下降对其互补品最直接的影响是()。
A. 互补品的需求曲线向左移动
B. 互补品的需求曲线向右移动
C. 互补品的供给曲线向右移动
D. 互补品的价格下降
为了与电子书抗衡.传统出版商不断提升纸质书的整体质量,从内容选择到价值定位,再到装帧设计甚至赠送的礼品,每一项都力求做到尽善尽美。这就使得图书制作整体趋向高端.制作精美、权威性高、兼具收藏价值和学术价值的图书不断涌现。因此,有业内人士提出__________。 填人划横线部分最恰当的一句是()。
A. 精装纸质书成为出版商对抗电子书的有利武器
B. 电子书的出现对于纸质书来说既是生存压力也是发展动力
C. 目前的图书市场读者更加重视图书的收藏和增值功能
D. 电子书简单的阅读功能已不能满足读者多样化的阅读需求
If your computer()experience any problems within the warranty period, you can take it to an authorized repair center free of charge.
A. will
B. should
C. had
D. would
根据下面内容,回答171-175题Every product on the market has a variety of costs built into it before it is ever put up for saleto a customer.There are costs of production, transportation, storage, advertising, and more.Eachof these costs must bring in some profit at each stage : truckers must profit from transporting prod-ucts, or they would not be in business.Thus, costs also include several layers of profits.The sell-ing price of a product must take all of these costs (and built in profits) into consideration.The sell-ing price itself consists of a markup over the total of all costs, and it is normally based on a per-centage of the total cost.The markup may be quite high,90 percent of cost, or it may be low.Grocery items in a su-permarket usually have a low markup, while mink coats have a very high one.High markups,however, do not in themselves guarantee big profits.Profits come from turnover.If an item has a50 percent markup and does not sell, there is no profit.But if a cereal has an 8 percent markupand sells very well, there are reasonable profits.While most pricing is based on cost factors, there are some exceptions.Prestige pricing meanssetting prices artificially high in order to attract select clientele.Such pricing attempts to suggestthat the quality or style of the product is exceptional or that the item cannot be found elsewhere.Stores can use prestige pricing to attract wealthy shoppers.Leader pricing and bait pricing are the opposites of prestige pricing.Leader pricing meanssetting low prices on certain items to get people to come into the stores.The products so priced arecalled loss leaders because little or no profit can be made on them.The profits are made from otherproducts people buy while in the store.Bait pricing, now generally considered illegal, means set-ting artificially low prices to attract customers.The store, however, has no intention of sellinggoods at the bait prices.The point is to get people into the store and persuade them of the inferior-ity of the low priced item.Then a higher priced item is presented as a better alternative.A common retail tactic is odd priced products.For some products of $300, the store will setthe price at $295 or $299.95 to give the appearance of a lower price.Automobiles and other highpriced products are usually priced in this manner.For some reason $7995 has more appeal to apotential car customer than $8000.Bid pricing is a special kind of price setting.It is often used in the awarding of governmentcontracts.Several companies are asked to submit bids on a job, and normally the lowest bidderwins.A school system may want to buy a large number of computers.Several companies are askedto submit prices, and the school district will decide on the best bid based as well on considerationsof quality and service. Odd-pricing method()
A. is often used with very expensive items
B. is only effective on potential car customers
C. is the most popular way of pricing a product
D. is the most effective way of selling low priced products