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Questions 14-16 are based on the following monologue. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.
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资料1：1687年，牛顿出版了《自然哲学的数学原理》，1765年一种全新的蒸汽机在瓦特的手中诞生了，1776年，亚当·斯密的《国富论》出版。如果说，牛顿为工业革命创造了一把科学的钥匙，瓦特拿着这把钥匙开启了工业革命的大门，那么，亚当·斯密则是挥动一只看不见的手，为工业革命的推进创造了一个新的经济秩序。 资料2：在美国商务部的大门口刻有林肯总统的一句话：“专利制度就是将利益的燃料添加到天才之火上。”美国人第一次把专利权写入了宪法。 美国人在工业领域最富革命性的创造，是“福特式生产方式”的出现，犹如第一次工业革命时期诞生了现代意义的工厂，福特的这一创造成为人类生产方式变革进程中的又一个里程碑。 材料3：世界上第一台计算机在美国宾夕法尼亚大学诞生，象征着第三次工业革命即将来临，美国率先占领了信息时代的制高点。 今天，美国在科研和开发上的投入仍居世界首位，相当于其他最富裕的西方七国的总和，使美国保持创新活力的，还有它的四千多所大学和70%的高等教育入学率。美国所拥有的全世界最庞大的高等教育系统，使它获得了信息时代的核心竞争力。 根据上述资料，可以归纳出建设创新型国家的基本条件有( )。
______ began in 1956.
Hotels were among the earliest facilities that bound the United States together. They were. both creatures and creators of communities, as well as symptoms of the frenetic quest for community. Even in the first part of the nineteenth century, Americans were private, business and pleasure purposed. Conventions were the new occasions, and hotels were distinctively American facilities making conventions possible. The first national convention of a major party to choose a candidate for President (that of the National Republican party, which met on December 12, 1831, and nominated Henry Clay for President) was held in Baltimore, at a hotel that was then reputed to be the best in the country. The presence of Barnum’s City Hotel in Baltimore, a six-story building with two hundred apartments helps explain why many other early national political Conventions were held there. In the longer run, too. American hotels made other national conventions not only possible but pleasant and convivial. The growing custom of regularly assembling from afar the ’representatives of all kinds of groups—not only for political conventions, but also for commercial, professional, learned, and. vocational ones—in turn supported the multiplying hotels. By mid-twentieth century, conventions accounted for over third of the yearly room occupancy of all hotels in the nation, about eighteen thousand different conventions were held annually with a total attendance of about ten million persons. Nineteenth-century American hotelkeepers, who were no longer the genial, deferential "hosts" of the eighteenth-century European inn, became leading citizens. Holding a large stake in the community, they exercised power to make it prosper. As owners or managers of the local "palace of the public", they were makers and shapers of a principal community attraction. Travelers from abroad were mildly shocked by this high social position. The word "ones" in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
Hotels were among the earliest facilities that bound the United States together. They were. both creatures and creators of communities, as well as symptoms of the frenetic quest for community. Even in the first part of the nineteenth century, Americans were private, business and pleasure purposed. Conventions were the new occasions, and hotels were distinctively American facilities making conventions possible. The first national convention of a major party to choose a candidate for President (that of the National Republican party, which met on December 12, 1831, and nominated Henry Clay for President) was held in Baltimore, at a hotel that was then reputed to be the best in the country. The presence of Barnum’s City Hotel in Baltimore, a six-story building with two hundred apartments helps explain why many other early national political Conventions were held there. In the longer run, too. American hotels made other national conventions not only possible but pleasant and convivial. The growing custom of regularly assembling from afar the ’representatives of all kinds of groups—not only for political conventions, but also for commercial, professional, learned, and. vocational ones—in turn supported the multiplying hotels. By mid-twentieth century, conventions accounted for over third of the yearly room occupancy of all hotels in the nation, about eighteen thousand different conventions were held annually with a total attendance of about ten million persons. Nineteenth-century American hotelkeepers, who were no longer the genial, deferential "hosts" of the eighteenth-century European inn, became leading citizens. Holding a large stake in the community, they exercised power to make it prosper. As owners or managers of the local "palace of the public", they were makers and shapers of a principal community attraction. Travelers from abroad were mildly shocked by this high social position. The National Republican party is mentioned in line 8 as an example of a group______.
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