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Bringing up children is a hard work，and you are often to blame for any bad behavior of your children．If so，Judith Rich has good news for you．Parents．she argues，have no important long-term effects on the development of the personality of their children. Far more important are their playground friends and neighborhood. Ms. Harris takes to hitting the assumption, which has dominated developmental psychology for almost half a century. Ms. Harris’s attack on the developmentalists’ "nature" argument looks likely to reinforce doubts that the profession was already having. If parents matter, why is it that two adopted children, reared in the same home, are no more similar in personality than two adopted children reared in separate homes Or that a pair of identical twins, reared in the same home, are no more alike than a pair of identical twins reared in different homes Difficult as it is to track the precise effects of parental upbringing, it may be harder to measure the exact influence of the peer group in childhood and adolescence. Ms. Harris points to how children from immigrant homes soon learn not to speak at school in the way their parents speak. But acquiring a language is surely a skill, rather than a characteristic of the sort developmental psychologists hunt for. Certainly it is different from growing tip tensely or relaxed, or from learning to be honest or hard working or generous. Easy though it may be to prove that parents have little impact on those qualities, it will be hard to prove that peers have vastly more. Moreover, mum and dad surely cannot be ditched completely. Young adults may, as Ms. Harris argues, be keen to appear like their peers. But even in those early years, parents have the power to open doors: they may initially choose the peers with whom their young associate, and pick that influential neighborhood. Moreover, most people suspect that they come to resemble their parents more in middle age and that people’s child bearing habits may be formed partly by what their parents did. So the balance of influences is probably complicated, as most parents already suspected without being able to demonstrate it scientifically. Even if it turns out that the genes they pass on and the friends their children play with matter as much as affection, discipline and good example, parents are not completely off the hook. According to Ms. Harris, ______.
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第三节 词语配伍从右边一栏中找出一个与左栏的含义相符的选项。[A] Wang Li is.[B] I am not feeling well.[C] I’d love to.[D] Twenty Yuan.[E] We are going to swim.[F] Yes, please. I want some fruit. What’s wrong with you
Fred liked fish very much, and when he had enough money, he bought some in the market, and took it home. But when his wife saw the fish, she always said to herself," Good! Now I will invite (邀请) my friends to lunch and we will eat the fish. They like fish very much. "So when Fred came home in the evening, the fish was never there, and his wife always said, "Oh, your cat ate it! She is a very bad animal!" And she gave Fred soup(汤) and bread for his dinner. But one evening when this happened, Fred became very angry. He took the eat and his wife to the shop near the house and weighed (秤重) the eat carefully. Then he turned to his wife and said, "My fish is here, you see, then where is my cat" From this passage, we can guess that ______.
The annual Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup poll of attitudes towards public education released this week found that a majority of Americans feel it is important to put a "qualified, competent teacher in every classroom". Bob Chase, president of the National Education Association (NEA), the main teachers’ union, wasted no time in pointing out that this will require raising teachers’ salaries so that more qualified candidates will enter the profession and stay there. A study by two economists suggests that the quality of America’s teachers has more to do with how they are paid rather than how much. The pay of American public school. teachers is not based on any measure _of performance; instead, it is determined by a rigid formula based on experience and years of schooling. factors massively unimportant in deciding how well students do. The uniform pay scale invites what economists call adverse selection. Since the most talented teachers are also likely to be good at other professions, they have a strong incentive to leave education for jobs in which pay is more closely linked to productivity. For dullards(笨蛋), the incentives are just the opposite. The data are striking: when test scores are used as a proxy (代替物) for ability, the brightest individuals shun the teaching profession at every juncture. Clever students are the least likely to choose education as a major at university. Among students who do major in education, those with higher test scores are less likely to become teachers. And among individuals who enter teaching, those with the highest test scores are the most likely to leave the profession early. The study takes into consideration the effects of a nationwide 20% real increase in teacher salaries during the 1980s. It concludes that it had no appreciable effect on overall teacher quality, in large part because schools do a poor job of recruiting and selecting the best teachers. Also, even if higher salaries lure more qualified candidates into the profession, the overall effect on quality may be offset by mediocre teachers who choose to postpone retirement. The study also takes aim at teacher training. Every state requires that teachers be licensed, a process that can involve up to two years of education classes, even for those who have a university degree or a graduate degree in the field they would like to teach. Inevitably, this system does little to lure in graduates of top universities or professionals who would like to enter teaching at mid-career. According to the passage, the reason why clever students refuse to enter the teaching profession is ______.
第二节 短文理解2阅读短文，从各题所给的三个选项中选出最佳答案。 Every day I go to school with Jim. Jim’s home is not far from my home. Today I get to his home at seven thirty and see his sister Kate just gets up. She’s only five. She can’t go to school. She looks nice in a yellow blouse and blue shoes. Jim is pushing (推) his bike out. Now he sees me on my bike. He looks at his watch. We know it’s time to go to school. We must go. How do we go to school We go to school ______.
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